Database	Time span	Search strategy
The Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register	Date will be given at review stage	((ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale) or (alpha or alfa) AND (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein)) and diagnos* and (((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC) and (liver OR hepat* OR cirrhosis OR fibrosis)
The Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group Diagnostic Test of Accuracy Studies Register	Date will be given at review stage	((ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale) or (alpha or alfa) AND (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein)) and diagnos* and (((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC) and (liver OR hepat* OR cirrhosis OR fibrosis)
The Cochrane Library	Latest issue	#1 MeSH descriptor: [Ultrasonography] explode all trees #2 (ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale) #3 #1 or #2 #4 MeSH descriptor: [alpha‐Fetoproteins] explode all trees #5 (alpha or alfa) AND (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein) #6 #4 or #5 #7 MeSH descriptor: [Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures] explode all trees #8 diagnos* #9 #7 or #8 #10 MeSH descriptor: [Carcinoma, Hepatocellular] explode all trees #11 MeSH descriptor: [Liver Neoplasms] explode all trees #12 ((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC #13 #10 or #11 or #12 #14 MeSH descriptor: [Liver Diseases] explode all trees #15 liver OR hepat* OR cirrhosis OR fibrosis #16 #14 or #15 #17 (#3 or #6) and #9 and #13 and #16
MEDLINE Ovid	1946 to the date of search	1. exp ULTRASONOGRAPHY/ 2. (ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub‐heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] 3. 1 or 2 4. exp alpha‐Fetoproteins/ 5. ((alpha or alfa) and (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub‐heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] 6. 4 or 5 7. exp "Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures"/ 8. diagnos*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub‐heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] 9. 7 or 8 10. exp Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/ 11. exp Liver Neoplasms/ 12. (((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub‐heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] 13. 10 or 11 or 12 14. exp Liver Diseases/ 15. (liver or hepat* or cirrhosis or fibrosis).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub‐heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] 16. 14 or 15 17. (3 or 6) and 9 and 13 and 16 18. limit 17 to (humans and ("all adult (19 plus years)" or "young adult (19 to 24 years)" or "adult (19 to 44 years)" or "young adult and adult (19‐24 and 19‐44)" or "middle age (45 to 64 years)" or "middle aged (45 plus years)" or "all aged (65 and over)" or "aged (80 and over)"))
Embase Ovid	1974 to the date of search	1. exp echography/ 2. (ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word] 3. 1 or 2 4. exp alpha fetoprotein/ 5. ((alpha or alfa) and (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word] 6. 4 or 5 7. exp diagnostic test/ 8. diagnos*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word] 9. 7 or 8 10. exp liver cell carcinoma/ 11. exp liver tumor/ 12. (((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word] 13. 10 or 11 or 12 14. exp liver disease/ 15. (liver or hepat* or cirrhosis or fibrosis).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word] 16. 14 or 15 17. (3 or 6) and 9 and 13 and 16 18. limit 17 to (human and (adult <18 to 64 years> or aged <65+ years>))
LILACS (Bireme)	1982 to the date of search	(ultrason$ or ultrasound$ or echograph$ or echotomograph$ or doppler$ or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey$scale) or (alpha or alfa) AND (fetoprotein$ or foetoprotein or fetalprotein) [Words] and diagnos$ [Words] and (((liver or hepato$) and (carcinom$ or cancer$ or neoplasm$ or malign$ or tumo$)) or HCC) AND (liver OR hepat$ OR cirrhosis OR fibrosis) [Words]
Science Citation Index Expanded	1900 to the date of search	#6 (#1 or #2) AND #3 AND #4 AND #5 #5 TS=(liver or hepat* or cirrhosis or fibrosis) #4 TS=(((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC) #3 TS=(diagnos*) #2 TS=((alpha or alfa) and (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein)) #1 TS=(ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale)
Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science	1990 to the date of search	#6 (#1 or #2) AND #3 AND #4 AND #5 #5 TS=(liver or hepat* or cirrhosis or fibrosis) #4 TS=(((liver or hepato*) and (carcinom* or cancer* or neoplasm* or malign* or tumo*)) or HCC) #3 TS=(diagnos*) #2 TS=((alpha or alfa) and (fetoprotein* or foetoprotein or fetalprotein)) #1 TS=(ultrason* or ultrasound* or echograph* or echotomograph* or doppler* or B‐mode or B‐scan or grey*scale)