Table 3.
Associations between BP indices and elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
| Variables | Events (%) | Crude model | Adjusted model* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
| SBP, mmHg | |||||
| Continuous | 4739 (32.5) | 1.045 (1.043, 1.048) | <0.001 | 1.056 (1.053, 1.059) | <0.001 |
| Categories | |||||
| <140 | 2021 (22.2) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| ≥140 | 2718 (49.4) | 3.409 (3.171, 3.665) | <0.001 | 4.154 (3.808, 4.531) | <0.001 |
| Quartiles | |||||
| Q1 (<123.3) | 570 (15.6) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| Q2 (123.3–134.0) | 860 (24.3) | 1.737 (1.544, 1.954) | <0.001 | 2.111 (1.844, 2.417) | <0.001 |
| Q3 (134.0–145.3) | 1295 (35.3) | 2.951 (2.638, 3.301) | <0.001 | 3.824 (3.354, 4.361) | <0.001 |
| Q4 (≥145.3) | 2014 (53.7) | 6.248 (5.597, 6.975) | <0.001 | 9.364 (8.197, 10.698) | <0.001 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| DBP, mmHg | |||||
| Continuous | 4739 (32.5) | 1.008 (1.005, 1.011) | <0.001 | 1.049 (1.044, 1.053) | <0.001 |
| Categories | |||||
| <90 | 3586 (31.7) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| ≥90 | 1153 (35.0) | 1.156 (1.065, 1.255) | <0.001 | 2.261 (2.038, 2.508) | <0.001 |
| Quartiles | |||||
| Q1 (<74.7) | 1109 (31.8) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| Q2 (74.7–81.3) | 1144 (31.5) | 0.986 (0.892, 1.089) | 0.780 | 1.382 (1.229, 1.553) | <0.001 |
| Q3 (81.3–89.3) | 1226 (32.0) | 1.006 (0.912, 1.110) | 0.906 | 1.887 (1.675, 2.127) | <0.001 |
| Q4 (≥89.3) | 1260 (34.5) | 1.128 (1.022, 1.245) | 0.017 | 3.201 (2.811, 3.646) | <0.001 |
| P for trend | 0.016 | <0.001 | |||
| PP, mmHg | |||||
| Continuous | 4739 (32.5) | 1.054 (1.052, 1.057) | <0.001 | 1.052 (1.048, 1.055) | <0.001 |
| Categories | |||||
| <40 | 285 (11.3) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| ≥40 | 4454 (36.9) | 4.605 (4.049, 5.238) | <0.001 | 4.148 (3.584, 4.800) | <0.001 |
| Quartiles | |||||
| Q1 (<42.7) | 470 (12.9) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| Q2 (42.7–52.0) | 900 (25.0) | 2.244 (1.985, 2.537) | <0.001 | 2.140 (1.865, 2.457) | <0.001 |
| Q3 (52.0–62.0) | 1317 (36.8) | 3.920 (3.483, 4.412) | <0.001 | 3.629 (3.173, 4.150) | <0.001 |
| Q4 (≥62.0) | 2052 (54.4) | 8.056 (7.172, 9.048) | <0.001 | 6.953 (6.075, 7.957) | <0.001 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| MAP, mmHg | |||||
| Continuous | 4739 (32.5) | 1.038 (1.035, 1.042) | <0.001 | 1.075 (1.070, 1.080) | <0.001 |
| Categories | |||||
| <70 | 4 (11.4) | 0.333 (0.117, 0.943) | 0.038 | 0.152 (0.050, 0.457) | <0.001 |
| 70–105 | 2854 (28.0) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| ≥105 | 1881 (43.2) | 1.960 (1.820, 2.111) | <0.001 | 3.407 (3.101, 3.743) | <0.001 |
| Quartiles | |||||
| Q1 (<92.2) | 826 (22.8) | Reference (1) | Reference (1) | ||
| Q2 (92.2–99.1) | 1032 (28.4) | 1.340 (1.206, 1.490) | <0.001 | 1.885 (1.664, 2.134) | <0.001 |
| Q3 (99.1–106.7) | 1238 (33.6) | 1.717 (1.548, 1.904) | <0.001 | 2.980 (2.630, 3.376) | <0.001 |
| Q4 (≥106.7) | 1643 (45.0) | 2.769 (2.502, 3.064) | <0.001 | 7.013 (6.149, 7.998) | <0.001 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; BP = blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; MAP = mean arterial pressure; PP = pulse pressure.
*Adjusted for age, sex, center, MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, treatment group, antihypertensive treatment, BMI, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, RHR, TC, HDL-C, TG, FPG, creatinine, hcy, uric acid.