Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 6-9-year-old children (n=240)
| Variables | Boys (n=127) | Girls (n=113) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 7.69±1.11 | 8±0.97 | 7.8±1.06 |
| Birth order n (%) | |||
| 1 | 83 (65.4) | 60 (53.1) | 143 (59.6) |
| 2 | 29 (22.8) | 42 (37.2) | 71 (29.6) |
| 3 | 11 (8.7) | 9 (8) | 20 (8.3) |
| >3 | 4 (3.1) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (2.5) |
| Family size n (%) | |||
| ≤4 | 96 (76.2) | 86 (76.1) | 182 (76.2) |
| ≥5 | 30 (23.8) | 27 (23.9) | 57 (23.8) |
| Child live with n (%) | |||
| Both parents | 119 (93.7) | 107 (94.7) | 226 (94.2) |
| Father | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.8) | 3 (1.3) |
| Mother | 6 (4.7) | 4 (3.5) | 10 (4.2) |
| Other | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) |
| Mothers education n (%) | |||
| Elementary | 33 (25.6) | 32 (27.7) | 65 (26.6) |
| Secondary | 68 (54.4) | 64 (57.1) | 132 (55.7) |
| Academic | 26 (20) | 17 (15.2) | 43 (17.7) |
| Fathers education n (%) | |||
| Elementary | 38 (29.8) | 35 (30.6) | 73 (30.2) |
| Secondary | 56 (44.6) | 48 (43.2) | 104 (44) |
| Academic | 33 (25.6) | 30 (26.1) | 63 (25.9) |
| Socioeconomic status n (%) | |||
| Low | 38 (30.2) | 33 (29.2) | 71 (29.7) |
| Medium | 66 (52.4) | 59 (52.2) | 125 (52.3) |
| High | 23 (9.2) | 21 (18.6) | 44 (18) |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 14.67±11.90 | 14.51±9.08 | 14.6±10.64 |
| <5 (ng/mL) | 23 (18.11) | 5 (4.42) | 28 (11.66) |
| 5-10 (ng/mL) | 30 (23.67) | 42 (37.16) | 72 (30) |
| 10-20 (ng/mL) | 48 (37.79) | 40 (35.39) | 88 (36.66) |
| 20-30 (ng/mL) | 12 (9.44) | 19 (16.81) | 31 (12.91) |
| >30 (ng/mL) | 14 (11.02) | 7 (6.19) | 21 (8.75) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.06±2.55 | 16.04±2.95 | 16.05±2.74 |
| Underweight | 20 (15.74) | 11 (9.73) | 31 (12.91) |
| Normal | 82 (64.56) | 83 (73.45) | 163 (67.91) |
| Overweight | 14 (11.02) | 10 (8.84) | 26 (10.83) |
| Obesity | 11 (8.66) | 9 (7.96) | 20 (8.3) |
| Physical activity index (MET-h/week) | 34.13 (5.03) | 31.05 (2.2) | 32.6 (4.24) |
| WC (cm) | 57.08±6.63 | 56.42±7.19 | 56.77±6.89 |
| WHR (cm) | 0.88±0.06 | 0.83±0.03 | 0.86±0.06 |
| Body fat (%) | 20.86±8.75 | 20.77±8.58 | 20.83±8.67 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 107.64±11.44 | 104.93±10.91 | 106.41±11.26 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 69.72±8.49 | 67.07±8.2 | 68.52±5.45 |
| FBG (mg/dl) | 82.94±9.47 | 88.75±12.34 | 85.66±11.27 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 108.67±57.81 | 104.26±52.31 | 106.6±55.52 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 154±23.06 | 156.61±30.24 | 155.22±26.66 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 91.85±19.28 | 99.13±23.28 | 95.28±21.53 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 44.07±10.52 | 46.26±12.06 | 45.1±11.30 |
Data are presented as mean±SD, The italic data are presented as n (%), BMI=Body mass index, WC=Waist circumference, WHR=Waist-to-hip ratio, SBP=Systolic blood pressure, DBP=Diastolic blood pressure, FBG=Fasting blood glucose, TG=Triglyceride, TC=Total Cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, LDL-C=Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C=High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MET=Metabolic equivalent of task