. 2019 May 28;10:524. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00524

Table 1.

Characteristics of the AD subtypes and healthy controls.

	Healthy controls (n = 81)	AD subtypes
		Typical AD (n = 89, 50.9%)	Limbic-predominant (n = 30, 17.1%)	Hippocampal-sparing (n = 29, 16.6%)	Minimal atrophy AD (n = 27, 15.4%)	p-value
Age	74.8 (5.0)	77.8 (6.5)^a	73.4 (6.1)^b	78.0 (8.5)^c*	69.2 (7.1)^a^,^b^,^d	<0.001
Sex, % female	57	37	57	52	74^b	0.006
Years of education	15.8 (3.0)	15.1 (3.3)	14.4 (2.2)	15.6 (2.8)	13.6 (3.9)^a	0.012
MMSE^e	29.1 (1.1)	23.0 (2.1)^a	23.2 (1.9)^a	23.6 (2.2)^a	24.1 (1.5)^a^,^b	<0.001
CDR total^e
Score 0, %	100	–	–	–	–	<0.001
Score 0.5, %	–	40	67	57	67
Score 1, %	–	60	33	43	33
Age at onset^f	–	73.8 (7.2)	69.7 (5.7)	75.8 (8.0)^c	66.7 (7.4)^b^,^d	<0.001
Disease duration^f	–	3.7 (2.5)	3.4 (2.2)	3.1 (2.9)	2.7 (1.5)	0.324
APOE status, % ε4 allele	22	69^a	73^a	52^a	70^a	<0.001
CSF Aß₁₋₄₂, % abnormal^g	33	98^a	94^a	83^a	91^a	<0.001
CSF T-tau, % abnormal^h	18	55^a	78^a	78^a	64^a	<0.001
CSF p-tau, % abnormal	52	78^a	87^a	79^a	82^a	<0.001

The table shows mean (SD) except for sex, CDR scores, APOE status, and the CSF biomarkers, where percentage is reported.

Significantly different from healthy controls;

Significantly different from typical AD;

Significantly different from limbic-predominant;

Significantly different from hippocampal-sparing.

^c*

p = 0.054.

N = 244;

N = 137;

N = 131;

N = 130.

AD = Alzheimer's disease; APOE, apolipoprotein E; Aß_1-42, amyloid-ß-peptide 1-42; CDR, clinical dementia rating; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; p-tau, level of phosphorylated tau protein; T-tau, total level of tau protein.