Table 2.
Paired t -tests post intervention by supplementation group.
| Multivitamin | Vitamin D | Vitamin C | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure/Function | Time 1 mean (SD) | Time 2 mean (SD) | t(19) | Time 1 mean (SD) | Time 2 mean (SD) | t(19) | Time 1 mean (SD) | Time 2 mean (SD) | t(19) |
| IQ: | |||||||||
| WASI-II FSIQ-4 | 110.40 (12.07) | 114.05 (10.42) | 2.64 | 113.15 (10.41) | 116.50 (11.11) | 3.96 | |||
| Memory: | |||||||||
| WMS Verbal Mem. Immediate | 10.80 (2.59) | 12.50 (2.59) | 2.76 | 11.60 (2.28) | 12.95 (2.56) | 3.50 | 11.75 (2.53) | 13.65 (1.84) | 3.91 |
| WMS Verbal Mem. Delayed | 11.00 (2.63) | 13.30 (2.43) | 3.63 | 11.35 (3.13) | 13.20 (3.19) | 5.07 | 11.45 (2.61) | 14.20 (2.26) | 6.82 |
| WMS Visual Repro. Delayed | 10.95 (2.35) | 14.30 (2.43) | 5.95 | 11.55 (3.65) | 14.35 (2.98) | 5.43 | 13.05 (3.25) | 15.45 (2.81) | 3.29 |
| WMS Symbol Span | 11.80 (3.58) | 13.65 (3.13) | 3.00 | ||||||
| Doors and People Overall | 12.05 (2.63) | 13.70 (2.56) | 3.73 | 13.35 (3.27) | 13.80 (2.57) | 3.07 | 12.65 (2.34) | 14.45 (2.16) | 3.89 |
| Executive Function: | |||||||||
| DKEFS Trail Making Number/Letter Switch (visuo-motor switching) | 12.40 (1.31) | 12.95 (1.23) | 2.77 | ||||||
| DKEFS Design Fluency Total (Visual strategy generation) | 7.90 (1.55) | 9.45 (2.31) | 3.81 | 8.35 (1.39) | 9.35 (1.57) | 3.16 | |||
| DKEFS Tower Mean 1st MoveTime (motor planning) | 10.95 (2.37) | 11.95 (1.50) | 3.01 | ||||||
| WAIS-III Symbol Search Correct(visuo-motor processing speed) | 12.05 (2.67) | 13.40 (2.37) | 3.18 | 12.75 (3.52) | 13.95 (3.14) | 3.27 | 13.60 (2.04) | 14.95 (2.32) | 2.97 |
| SRT Explicit Learning | 11.15 (5.33) | 15.85 (5.27) | 3.73 | ||||||
| SRT Implicit Learning | 102.74 (73.65) | 64.74 (63.25) | 3.63 | ||||||
| PANAS Positive Affect | |||||||||
| PANAS Negative Affect | |||||||||
All p values ≤ 0.01 (two-tailed).