Table 3.

Representative list of bacteria that are known to preferential accumulate in tumors

Bacteria	Comments	Effective against	Important gene(s)	Reference(s)
Bifidobacterium longum	At 168 hours, tumors had 60,000 bacilli per gram of tumor tissue in contrast to no germination in livers, spleens, kidneys, or lungs.	Diverse solid tumors including B16-F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma	Unknown	(187)
Clostridium novyi	Within 16 hours the bacterium had floridly germinated within the tumors in contrast to no germination in livers, spleens, kidneys, lungs, or brains	Diverse solid tumors including HCT116 colon and B16 skin carcinomas	Unknown	(188)
Escherichia coli	Preferential accumulated in tumor at a ratio of >108:1	Diverse solid tumors including gliomas, breast, skin and colon and carcinoma	Unknown	(189, 190)
Listeria monocytogenes	Selectively infected, survived and multiplied in tumors; 27 hours after injection, the bacterium was only detected in tumors	Diverse solid tumors including 4T1 mammary and PC-3 prostate tumors	Unknown	(189, 191)
Magnetococcus marinus	Aerotactic bacteria with the ability to swim along magnetic field lines. Approximately 55% of the bacterium penetrated into hypoxic regions	HCT116 colorectal carcinoma	Unknown	(192, 193)
Salmonella typhimurium	Preferential accumulated in tumor at a ratio of >1,000:1	Multiple solid tumors	cheY, motAB,and eutC genes	(36, 189)
Vibrio cholerae	Selectively infected and multiplied in tumors and metastases, with titres reaching approximately 5.97 × 108 after 32 hours	Bladder carcinomas, gliomas and fibrosarcoma	Unknown	(189)