Figure 1.

Conserved versus Divergent Growth Patterns in A. thaliana and C. hirsuta Leaves

(A and B) Eighth rosette leaf of A. thaliana (A) and C. hirsuta (B).

(C–H) Heat-maps of area extension (C and D), growth anisotropy (E and F), and cell lobeyness (G and H) for A. thaliana (C, E, and G) and C. hirsuta (D, F, and H) leaves. Lobeyness measures pavement cell undulation (Sapala et al., 2018, see STAR Methods). White lines in (E) and (F) indicate cell-growth orientation where anisotropy > 40%. In both species, proliferation and growth increased at protrusions and decreased in adjacent sinuses (Figure S2). At the leaf margin, a basipetal transition from dynamic growth to tissue-dependent patterning occurs, coinciding with differentiation progression (C–H). See also Figures S1A–S1J.

(I and J) Heat-maps of area extension (I) and cell proliferation (J), 3–7 DAI for A. thaliana (left) and C. hirsuta (right).

(K–N) Growth alignment graph of mean area extension (K and L), and cell proliferation (M and N), from 3–7 DAI as a function of distance from leaf base in A. thaliana (K and M) and C. hirsuta (L and N). Error bars, SEM (n = 5–28, K and M; n = 11–27, L and N).

(O and P) Lineage tracing of leaf blades (blue), petiole and midrib (green), and sinuses (red) in A. thaliana (O) and C. hirsuta (P).

DAI indicates days after primordium initiation. Scale bars, 1 cm in (A) and (B), 100 μm in (C)–(J), (O), and (P). See also Figure S1 and S2 and Video S1. Replication for imaging data is reported for all figures in STAR Methods.