Afatinib block EGFR and HER2 signalling to inhibit NPC cell proliferation. (A) Lysates of the immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69 and 4 different cell lines (5-8F, 6-10B, HNE3, HNE2) were analysed via immunoblotting to detect phosphorylated EGFR (p- EGFR), total EGFR, phosphorylated HER2 (p-HER2), total HER2 and ACTB. (B) Phosphorylated protein levels were quantified by densitometry and normalized by total protein levels. Compared with the control group. *P< 0.05, ** P< 0.01, *** P< 0.001. (C) Lysates of 5-8F and HNE2 were treated for 30minutes with increasing concentrations of the EGFR TKI afatinib (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2μM) and were analysed via immunoblotting to detect p-EGFR, total EGFR, p-HER2, total HER2, p-Erk1/2, total Erk1/2, p-Akt, total Akt and ACTB. D. Viability curve describing the viability of 5-8F and HNE2 NPC cells that were treated with vehicle or the indicated concentrations of afatinib or erlotinib for 72 hours. Each data point represents the average value from 3 samples, and is expressed as a percentage of surviving cells relative to untreated controls. Compared with the control group. *P< 0.05.