Table 1.

Regulation of neutrophil effector functions by Rho GTPases and their regulators. Many neutrophil functions are subject to regulation by Rho family GTPases. This table summarizes recent developments, mostly drawing from mouse models and placing a focus on GEFs and GAPs. Please note that due to space constraints not all papers could be cited.

Neutrophil Function	Small GTPases involved	GEFs / GAPs involved
Adhesion	Rac2 (flow conditions)11	Vav1/3 (static and flow conditions)17
	RhoA (tail retraction37)	ArhGAP25 (flow conditions)28
		P-Rex1/Vav1 (static and flow conditions)19
		ARAP3 (static and flow conditions)39,40
Spreading	Rac211	Vav1/3, Vav1–317,19
		ARAP339,40
Polarization	Cdc4230,31	Cdc42GAP29
	Rac213	DOCK2, DOCK2/523,24
	RhoG24	ARAP339
Chemotaxis	Rac1 (directionality)13	P-Rex1/Vav119
	Rac 2 (migration and speed)11,13	DOCK2, DOCK5, DOCK2/5 22,23
	Cdc4230,31	ArhGAP15 (directionality)26
	Rho37	Cdc42GAP29
		ARAP3 (migration and directionality)39,40
Recruitment	Rac1 (sterile peritonitis)12	P-Rex1/Vav1 or -3 (to inflamed peritoneum or lung)20
	Rac2 (sterile peritonitis)11	ArhGAP25 (sterile peritonitis)28
	Rho (acute lung injury)37	ArhGAP15 (air pouch, bacterial peritonitis and abdominal sepsis)26
		Cdc42GAP (sterile peritonitis)29
		ARAP3 (sterile peritonitis and arthritic joint)39
Phagocytosis	Rac2	Vav family (IgG and complement opsonized)17
	(Cdc42?)	ARHGAP2527
		ArhGAP15 (serum opsonized only)26
NADPH oxidase	Rac2 but not Rac111,12	Vav1–3 and ARHGAP25 (to opsonized particles)19,27
	RhoG (to fMLF and C5a)15,24	P-Rex1 (LPS-primed to fMLF)19
		P-Rex1/Vav1 (unprimed or primed to fMLF) 19
		DOCK2, DOCK2/5 (to PMA)23
		ArhGAP15 (to fMLF or C5a but not opsonized zymosan)26
NET release	Rac2	DOCK2, DOCK5, DOCK2/5 23
Apoptosis	RhoG (in sterile peritonitis)15
	Cdc42 (immune complex induced apoptosis; primary human neutrophils)8