Djindjian 1986.

Methods	Randomisation, controlled Method of randomisation: unclear Kind of shunt: ventriculoperitoneal and ventriculoatrial shunts Location: France Follow‐up: minimally 6 months (for the most recent participants) Duration: 27 months
Participants	Inclusion: patients receiving their first implantation of shunts regardless of age Exclusion: antibiotics in the 14 days preceding surgery and surgery for replacement of a previously implanted shunt Treatment: 30; control: 30
Interventions	Prophylactic oxacillin (200 mg/kg/day) for 24 hours perioperatively versus no antibiotics
Outcomes	Proportion of participants who had CSF‐infection/meningitis (per age group). All infections occurred within 12 weeks after surgery
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Allocation concealment was not directly described, but based on the workflow of administration of antibiotics and open aspect of the trial is assumed to be at high risk for allocation bias
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	"Open trial"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	"Open trial"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No apparent missing outcome data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No detailed documentation
Other bias	Unclear risk	No other forms of bias could be directly detected. However, description of methods is limited; and based on the described study design it could be that other forms of bias are present