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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2019 Feb 26;28:38–43. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.012

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Conceptual model depicting the focus of this review (particularly the associations shown in black arrows). Stress can influence immunological aging (and ultimately health outcomes) via biological mediators that may act at various lifespan stages, but several protective factors may moderate these associations.