Table 3.
List of the different extracts from A. nodosum inducing disease resistance in different plants against different pathogens.
| S. No. | Extract | Crop | Causal organism | Disease | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maxicrop® Triple | Strawberry | Tetranychus urticae | – | Reduces the population of two-spotted red spider mites on treated plants | Hankins and Hockey, 1990 |
| 2 | Maxicrop® Original | Arabidopsis | Meloidogyne javanica | Root-knot | Reduces number of females of M. javanica | Wu et al., 1998 |
| 3 | A. nodosum extract (Acadian Seaplants) | Carrot | Alternaria radicina and Botrytis cinerea | Black rot, Botrytis blight | Induces expression of defense related genes or proteins | Jayaraj et al., 2008 |
| 4 | Stimplex® (Acadian Seaplants) | Cucumber | Alternaria cucumerinum, Didymella applanata, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea | Alternaria blight, Gummy stem blight, Fusarium root and stem rot, Botrytis blight | Stimplex reduces the disease by activating different-related enzymes and accumulation of secondary metabolites | Jayaraman et al., 2011 |
| 5 | A. nodosum extract (Acadian Seaplants) | K. alvarezii | Polysiphonia subtilissima | Ice–ice, goose bumps | Reduces the growth of the epiphyte | Loureiro et al., 2010 |
| 6 | A. nodosum extract (Acadian Seaplants) | Arabidopsis | Pseudomonas syringae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | Bacterial speck, stem rot | Reduces the development of diseases, which is correlated with expression of jasmonic-acid-related gene transcript | Subramanian et al., 2011 |
| 7 | Marmarine | Cucumber | Phytophthora melonis | Damping-off | Induces defense-related enzymes | Abkhoo and Sabbagh, 2016 |
| 8 | A. nodosum extract (Acadian Seaplants) | Tomato | A. solani, X. campestris pv vesicatoria | Alternaria blight; bacterial leaf spot | Reduces incidence of diseases in plants by the upregulation of JA/ethylene pathway | Ali et al., 2016 |
| 9 | AMPEP | K. alvarezii | Neosiphonia apiculata | Ice–ice | Reduces the biotic stress caused by endophytes | Ali et al., 2018 |
| 10 | Dalgin® | Tomato | Phytophthora capsici | Damping-off | Induces expression of defense-related genes or proteins | Panjehkeh and Abkhoo, 2016 |
| 11 | Stella MarisTM | Arabidopsis thaliana | Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, Xanthomonas campestris BP109 | Inhibited the growth of multiple bacterial pathogens by inducing the expression of WRKY30, CYP71A12 and PR-1 gene | Cook et al., 2018 |