Table III.
Operation times to achieve culture-negative wounds (bone-exposed wound)
| Strains / treatment | Mean operations, n (sd) | 95% CI | Median operations, n (95% CI) | p-value versus EDTA (log-rank) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.12 (0.16) | 1.81 to 2.43 | 2.00 (1.49 to 2.51) | 0.022 |
| Castile soap* | 2.66 (0.16) | 2.35 to 2.97 | 3.00 (2.66 to 3.34) | < 0.001 |
| Benzalkonium chloride* | 2.80 (0.15) | 2.50 to 3.10 | 3.00 (2.68 to 3.32) | < 0.001 |
| Bacitracin* | 2.76 (0.19) | 2.39 to 3.13 | 3.00 (2.59 to 3.41) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 1.66 (0.12) | 1.42 to 1.90 | 1.00 (N/A) | N/A |
| Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.56 (0.14) | 2.29 to 2.83 | 2.00 (1.64 to 2.36) | 0.001 |
| Castile soap | 2.62 (0.15) | 2.33 to 2.91 | 2.00 (1.60 to 2.40) | 0.001 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 2.96 (0.15) | 2.68 to 3.24 | 3.00 (2.73 to 3.27) | < 0.001 |
| Bacitracin | 2.80 (0.16) | 2.49 to 3.11 | 3.00 (2.73 to 3.27) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 1.92 (0.12) | 1.68 to 2.16 | 2.00 (1.78 to 2.22) | N/A |
| Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.38 (0.17) | 2.04 to 2.72 | 2.00 (1.63 to 2.37) | 0.033 |
| Castile soap | 2.70 (0.16) | 2.38 to 3.02 | 3.00 (2.62 to 3.38) | 0.001 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 2.74 (0.16) | 2.43 to 3.05 | 3.00 (2.66 to 3.34) | < 0.001 |
| Bacitracin* | 3.10 (0.16) | 2.78 to 3.42 | 3.00 (2.55 to 3.45) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 1.90 (0.15) | 1.61 to 2.19 | 2.00 (1.69 to 2.31) | N/A |
| Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.52 (0.17) | 2.18 to 2.86 | 2.00 (1.60 to 2.40) | 0.025 |
| Castile soap* | 3.24 (0.19) | 2.86 to 3.62 | 3.00 (2.19 to 3.81) | < 0.001 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 2.80 (0.12) | 2.57 to 3.03 | 3.00 (2.72 to 3.28) | < 0.001 |
| Bacitracin | 2.92 (0.13) | 2.66 to 3.18 | 3.00 (2.58 to 3.42) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 2.12 (0.10) | 1.93 to 2.31 | 2.00 (1.76 to 2.24) | N/A |
| Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.56 (0.17) | 2.22 to 2.90 | 2.00 (1.62 to 2.38) | 0.030 |
| Castile soap | 2.60 (0.17) | 2.26 to 2.94 | 3.00 (2.62 to 3.38) | 0.020 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 2.76 (0.17) | 2.43 to 3.09 | 3.00 (2.63 to 3.37) | 0.003 |
| Bacitracin* | 3.62 (0.17) | 3.29 to 3.95 | 4.00 (3.56 to 4.44) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 2.06 (0.15) | 1.76 to 2.36 | 2.00 (1.68 to 2.32) | N/A |
| Multidrug-resistant Enterobacter (MRE) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.84 (0.18) | 2.49 to 3.19 | 3.00 (2.56 to 3.44) | < 0.001 |
| Castile soap | 3.36 (0.18) | 3.02 to 3.70 | 3.00 (2.51 to 3.49) | < 0.001 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 3.06 (0.16) | 2.76 to 3.36 | 3.00 (2.56 to 3.44) | < 0.001 |
| Bacitracin* | 3.52 (0.14) | 3.25 to 3.79 | 3.00 (2.58 to 3.42) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 2.12 (0.11) | 1.91 to 2.33 | 2.00 (1.76 to 2.24) | N/A |
| Multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis (MRPM) | ||||
| Normal saline | 2.60 (0.19) | 2.23 to 2.97 | 3.00 (2.45 to 3.55) | 0.004 |
| Castile soap | 3.12 (0.17) | 2.79 to 3.45 | 3.00 (2.47 to 3.53) | < 0.001 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 2.88 (0.16) | 2.56 to 3.20 | 3.00 (2.63 to 3.37) | < 0.001 |
| Bacitracin | 3.20 (0.15) | 2.90 to 3.50 | 3.00 (2.61 to 3.39) | < 0.001 |
| EDTA* | 1.98 (0.14) | 1.71 to 2.25 | 2.00 (1.53 to 2.47) | N/A |
*
Significant differences (p < 0.05) versus normal saline were calculated using the log-rank statistic based on Kaplan–Meier curves
CI, confidence interval; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; N/A, not applicable