Table 1.
NOACs vs. warfarin for cerebral venous thrombosis (n=111)
| Variable | All patients (n=111) | NOACs (n=45, 41%) | Warfarin (n=66, 59%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 39.3±14.9 | 36.5±14.7 | 41.3±14.8 | 0.10 |
| Female sex | 64 (57.7) | 27 (60) | 37 (56.1) | 0.68 |
| Predisposing factors | ||||
| Pregnancy/puerperium | 15 (23.1) | 8 (28.6) | 7 (18.9) | 0.36 |
| Hematological disorders | 74 (66.7) | 28 (62.2) | 46 (69.7) | 0.41 |
| Malignancy | 6 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 6 (10.5) | 0.03 |
| Systemic infections | 36 (32.4) | 15 (33.3) | 21 (31.8) | 0.86 |
| Drugs/OCP | 11 (9.9) | 4 (9) | 7 (11) | 0.32 |
| Other medical conditions | 7 (6.3) | 6 (13.3) | 1 (1.5) | 0.01 |
| Clinical findings | ||||
| Baseline GCS (available in 89 cases) | 0.73 | |||
| 13–15 | 64 (71) | 28 (74) | 36 (70) | |
| 9–12 | 17 (19) | 7 (18) | 10 (20) | |
| ≤8 | 8 (10) | 3 (8) | 5 (10) | |
| Seizures | 37 (33.3) | 14 (31) | 23 (34.8) | 0.68 |
| Paresis | 49 (44) | 22 (48) | 27 (52) | 0.32 |
| Aphasia | 7 (6.3) | 5 (11) | 2 (3.0) | 0.08 |
| Headache | 84 (75.7) | 42 (93) | 42 (63.6) | <0.001 |
| Papilledema | 4 (3.6) | 1 (2) | 3 (4) | 0.18 |
| Imaging findings | ||||
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 45 (40.5) | 25 (55.6) | 20 (30.3) | 0.01 |
| Venous infarction | 54 (48.6) | 25 (55.6) | 29 (43.9) | 0.22 |
| Midline shift | 10 (9.0) | 4 (8.9) | 6 (9.1) | 0.97 |
| Hydrocephalus | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 0.40 |
| SSS thrombus | 56 (50.5) | 26 (57.8) | 30 (45.5) | 0.20 |
| TS thrombus | 60 (54.1) | 30 (66.7) | 30 (45.5) | 0.02 |
| Straight sinus/DCVT/cortical vein | 28 (25.2) | 11 (24.4) | 17 (25.8) | 0.87 |
| Sigmoid sinus/jugular vein | 62 (55.9) | 29 (64.4) | 33 (50) | 0.13 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Heparin/LMWH | 79 (71) | 36 (80) | 43 (65) | 0.06 |
| Surgery | 12 (10.8) | 5 (12.5) | 7 (11.7) | 0.90 |
| Start of oral anticoagulation in days | 6 (3–11) | 7 (3–12) | 5 (3–10) | |
| mRS at discharge | 111 | 45 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 0 | 23 (21) | 11 (25) | 12 (18) | |
| 1 | 29 (26) | 11 (23) | 18 (28) | |
| 2 | 28 (25) | 12 (27) | 16 (23) | |
| 3 | 15 (14) | 4 (9) | 11 (17) | |
| 4 | 10 (10) | 5 (10) | 5 (8) | |
| 5 | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| 6 | 4 (4) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | |
| mRS at 6 months | 95 | 39 | 56 | 0.30 |
| 0 | 37 (39) | 17 (44) | 20 (36) | |
| 1 | 23 (24) | 8 (21) | 15 (28) | |
| 2 | 19 (20) | 10 (26) | 9 (16) | |
| 3 | 9 (10) | 2 (4) | 7 (12) | |
| 4 | 4 (4) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | |
| 5 | 3 (3) | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | |
| 6 | 2 (0.02) | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.02) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
NOAC, new direct oral anticoagulant; OCP, oral contraceptive pill; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; TS, transverse sinus; DCVT, deep cerebral vein thrombosis; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.