Table 1.

Usefulness of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) from various perspectives⁶⁶

Stakeholder	Uses of PROMs
Health system policy-makers/system managers	• Compare outcomes at a local regional, provincial and international level as well as over time. • Compare different models of care and clinical pathways (e.g. referral patterns). • Support health service allocation decisions (‘value-based care). • Inform quality improvement initiatives.
Healthcare organizations	• Monitor organization and provider performance. • Conduct comparisons with peer organizations. • Inform quality improvement initiatives.
Healthcare providers	• Provide feedback to inform care plan. • Provide evidence on improved or maintained health of patients. • Improve clinician-patient communication. • Facilitate performance comparisons with expected standards. • Facilitate comparative effectiveness research.67
Patients	• Provide opportunity to give feedback and input regarding treatment outcomes, care processes and indicate preferences. • Increase awareness of expected outcomes of care. • Enhance communication with providers. • Increase involvement in care planning and decision-making.