Table 2.
Generic and specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) tools commonly used. Adapted from Rolfson et al9*
| Name of PROMs tool | Abbreviated name | Year developed | Validation | License requirements | Number of translations | Number of items-questions | Time to complete (mins) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generic | |||||||
| EuroQol 5-dimension health outcome survey (3-level) | EQ-5D-3L | 1990 | Hip, knee | Yes | > 170 | 6 | 1 to 2 |
| EuroQol 5-dimension health outcome survey (5-level) | EQ-5D-5L | 2011 | Unknown | Yes | Unknown | 6 | 2 to 3 |
| Short Form-36 health survey | SF-36 | 1992 | Hip, knee | Yes | > 50 | 36 | 5 to 10 |
| Short Form-12 health survey | SF-12 | 1996 | Unknown | Yes | > 40 | 12 | 2 |
| Veterans Rand 36-item survey | VR-36 | Unknown | Unknown | No | > 3 | 36 | 5 to 10 |
| Veterans Rand 12-item survey | VR-12 | 1997 | Unknown | No | > 3 | 12 | 2 to 3 |
| Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Global 10 | PROMIS-10 Global | 2004 | No | No | > 40 | 10 | 2 to 3 |
| Specific | |||||||
| Oxford Knee Score | OKS | 1998 | Knee | Yes | 19 | 12 | 3 to 4 |
| Oxford Hip Score | OHS | 1996 | Hip | Yes | 11 | 12 | 3 to 4 |
| Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score | KOOS | 1998 | Knee | No | 44 | 42 | 10 to 15 |
| KOOS short form (joint replacement) | KOOS-JR | 2007 | Knee | No | Unknown | 7 | 3 |
| Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome score | HOOS | 2003 | Hip | No | 17 | 40 | 10 to 15 |
| HOOS short form (joint replacement) | HOOS-JR | 2008 | Hip | No | Unknown | 6 | 3 |
| Harris Hip Score | HHS | 1969 | Hip | No | Many, but not all validated | 10 | 5 to 7 |
| Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index | WOMAC | 1982 | Hip, knee | Yes | 92 | 24 | 5 to 10 |
| University of California at Los Angeles Activity Score | UCLA | 1984 | Hip, knee | No | Unknown | 1 (10 levels) | 2 to 3 |
| Visual analogue scale for pain | VAS | 1920s (first use), 1970s (acceptance) | Yes construct, no criterion | No | Unknown | 1 | < 1 |
Domains covered by surveys: EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression; SF-36, SF-12, VR-36, VR-12: vitality, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning, mental health; PROMIS-10 Global: general, physical and mental health, pain, fatigue, quality of life, social function, emotional problems; OKS, OHS: joint pain and function; KOOS/HOOS: pain, other symptoms, function in activities of daily living, function in sport and recreation, knee-/hip-related; quality of life; KOOS-JR/HOOS-JR: function in daily living, joint pain, stiffness (KOOS-JR only); HHS: pain, function including gait and activities of daily living, absence of deformity, range of motion;68 WOMAC: pain, disability and joint stiffness in knee and hip osteoarthritis; UCLA: level of activity; VAS: scale 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst pain imaginable), patient marks along scale; graphic formats (varying degrees of happy to sad face) exist34