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. 2019 Jun 5;2:203. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0442-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — TRAV1-2⁺ CD8⁺ T cells from the lung but not the intestine of healthy organ donors respond to mycobacterial infection by producing TNF. a Dot plots showing the frequency of TRAV1-2⁺ CD8⁺ T cells among live CD3⁺ cells in the indicated tissue samples from one donor. b Tissue sections from the 1st and 2nd order bronchi were obtained from healthy individuals (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify CD8⁺ (median 1.6 × 10⁴ vs. 2 × 10⁴ cells /mm³) and TRAV1-2⁺ cells (7,000 vs. 4,000 cells/mm³, Supplementary Data). Representative sections from 1st and 2nd order bronchi are depicted (left), showing CD8⁺ cells (red), TRAV1-2⁺ cells (green) and cell nuclei (DAPI; blue). c Histograms depicting TNF production (left) and CD161 expression (right) by TRAV1-2⁺ CD8⁺ T cells from matched lung parenchyma (green), small intestine lamina propria (LP; blue) and the small intestinal intraepithelial layer (IEL; violet) after overnight stimulation with M. smegmatis-infected antigen-presenting cells (dotted black line indicates the unstimulated control). d Frequency of TRAV1-2⁺ cells among CD8⁺ T cells from lung (n = 9 biologically independent samples), mediastinal lymph node (Med LN; n = 11 biologically independent samples), IEL (n = 7 biologically independent samples), LP (n = 8 biologically independent samples), mesenteric lymph node (Mes LN, n = 5 biologically independent samples), and peripheral blood (PBMC; n = 6 biologically independent samples, Supplementary Data). Medians and interquartile ranges are displayed. e Frequency of TNF-producing TRAV1-2⁺ CD8⁺ T cells after exposure to M. smegmatis-infected antigen-presenting cells: lung (n = 7 biologically independent samples), Med LN (n = 6 biologically independent samples), IEL (n = 5 biologically independent samples), LP (n = 6 biologically independent samples), Mes LN (n = 2 biologically independent samples), PBMC (n = 12 biologically independent samples, Supplementary Data). From top to bottom, P = 0.035, 0.0025, 0.0023 and 0.0005 (Mann–Whitney U test). Medians and interquartile ranges are displayed