Table 2.

The comparison of post-intervention scores between four groups

Domains	Groups	Mann-Whitney	Kruskal-Wallis
Activity after	E1	E2 p = 0.436	p = 0.005
		C1 p = 0.105
		C2 p = 0.003
	E2	C1 p = 0.393
		C2 p = 0.023
Vocalization after	E1	E2 p = 0.529	p = 0.003
		C1 p = 0.011
		C2 p = 0.004
	E2	C1 p = 0.105
		C2 p = 0.015
Emotional expressivity after	E1	E2 p = 0.436	p = 0.001
		C1 p = 0.001
		C2 p = 0.001
	E2	C1 p = 0.035
		C2 p = 0.023
State of apparent arousal after	E1	E2 p = 0.739	p = 0.000
		C1 p = 0.143
		C2 p = 0.002
	E2	C1 p = 0.218
		C2 p = 0.003

E1 experiment 1 (intervention with pretest), E2 experiment 2 (intervention without pretest), C1 control 1 (control with pretest), C2 control 2 (control without pretest)