Table 3.
Effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization, and morphological indices in two strains of gibel carp.
| Diet | Strain | IBW (g)1 | FBW (g)2 | FI (g/fish)3 | FR (%BW/d)4 | FE (%)5 | SGR (% /d)6 | CF (g/cm3)7 | HSI (%)8 | VSI (%)9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCLL | A | 3.02 ± 0.02 | 18.24 ± 0.42 | 24.13 ± 0.46 | 4.06 ± 0.06e | 63.04 ± 0.90a | 3.21 ± 0.05 | 3.37 ± 0.14 | 5.46 ± 0.18 | 14.36 ± 0.22 |
| F | 6.19 ± 0.00 | 25.55 ± 1.44 | 29.60 ± 1.72 | 3.33 ± 0.03c | 65.25 ± 1.27a | 2.52 ± 0.11 | 3.20 ± 0.17 | 6.24 ± 0.16 | 15.15 ± 0.09 | |
| MCML | A | 3.01 ± 0.01 | 19.25 ± 0.22 | 22.89 ± 0.55 | 3.67 ± 0.13d | 71.03 ± 1.29b | 3.31 ± 0.03 | 3.39 ± 0.18 | 5.31 ± 0.39 | 15.08 ± 0.73 |
| F | 6.21 ± 0.01 | 29.78 ± 1.37 | 30.29 ± 1.11 | 3.01 ± 0.07b | 77.69 ± 1.89c | 2.79 ± 0.09 | 3.53 ± 0.08 | 7.03 ± 0.63 | 15.73 ± 0.57 | |
| LCHL | A | 3.01 ± 0.02 | 17.43 ± 1.23 | 22.50 ± 1.45 | 3.93 ± 0.11e | 63.94 ± 2.04a | 3.13 ± 0.14 | 3.51 ± 0.06 | 4.60 ± 0.74 | 15.70 ± 0.91 |
| F | 6.21 ± 0.01 | 28.78 ± 0.86 | 26.73 ± 0.91 | 2.73 ± 0.06a | 84.46 ± 0.28d | 2.74 ± 0.05 | 3.26 ± 0.18 | 4.85 ± 0.37 | 15.55 ± 0.24 | |
| MEANS OF MAIN EFFECT | ||||||||||
| Diet | ||||||||||
| HCLL | 5.85 ± 0.21Y | |||||||||
| MCML | 6.17 ± 0.51Y | |||||||||
| LCHL | 4.73 ± 0.37X | |||||||||
| Strain | ||||||||||
| A | 3.01 ± 0.01A | 18.31 ± 0.46A | 23.17 ± 0.65A | 3.22 ± 0.05B | 5.12 ± 0.27A | |||||
| F | 6.20 ± 0.00B | 28.04 ± 0.89B | 28.87 ± 0.65B | 2.69 ± 0.06A | 6.04 ± 0.27B | |||||
| P | Strain | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.453 | 0.032 | 0.352 |
| Diet | 0.966 | 0.076 | 0.136 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.134 | 0.496 | 0.022 | 0.294 | |
| S × D | 0.481 | 0.162 | 0.395 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.266 | 0.387 | 0.309 | 0.659 | |
HCLL, High Carbohydrate Low Lipid, 45% carbohydrate, 2% lipid; MCML, Medium Carbohydrate Medium Lipid, 30% carbohydrate, 8% lipid; LCHL, Low Carbohydrate High Lipid, 15% carbohydrate, 14% lipid.
IBW, Initial body weight.
FBW, Final body weight.
Feed intake.
FR, Feed rate.
FE, Feed efficiency.
SGR, Specific growth rate.
CF, Condition factor.
HSI, Hepatosomatic index.
VSI, Viscerosomatic index.
Values are expressed as means ± s.e.m. of three replicates. Significant differences among all groups are indicated by different superscripts on each column (a, b, or c) (P < 0.05). The uppercase letters A and B represent significant differences between strains; and the uppercase letters X, Y, and Z represent significant differences among diets (P < 0.05).