| Methods |
Setting: clinic, USA
Recruitment: community volunteers or referrals |
| Participants |
139 smokers; 53% M, av age 39, av cpd 30 (71 in relevant arms)
Therapists: advanced graduates in clinical psychology or health psychology |
| Interventions |
Pharmacotherapy: NRT (gum). Placebo arms of factorial trial not used in review
1. Intensive behavioural treatment, 14 x 75 min sessions (period not stated) (incl 6 seconds aversive smoking, RP skills training, written exercises)
2. 'Low contact' 5 x 60 min sessions (incl written exercises, educational materials, group discussions, quitting techniques) |
| Outcomes |
Abstinence at 52 wks (assume PP)
Validation: thiocyanate < 95 mm/L (unless marijuana use reported), CO < 8 ppm, significant other |
| Source of Funding/CoI |
National Institute on Drug Abuse. No declarations of interest |
| Notes |
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Randomised; method not described |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
No details reported |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Biochemically validated |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
2 dropouts in 1 & 2 in 2 included in ITT analyses. "Differences between conditions were not statistically significant." |
