Prapavessis 2016.

Methods	Setting: Exercise and Health Psychology Laboratory, Canada Recruitment: from local businesses, hospitals, academic institutions and organisations and through advertisements placed in newspapers, radio stations and city buses in London, Ontario. Motivated to quit
Participants	409 participants, 100% female, average age: exercise plus smoking maintenance: 41.96 (± 12.70); exercise plus contact control 43.47 (± 14.02); smoking maintenance plus contact control: 43.45 (± 12.22); contact control: 40.36 (± 11.92) Average cigs/day: exercise plus smoking maintenance: 17.04 (± 6.79); exercise plus contact control 16.71 (± 6.96); smoking maintenance plus contact control: 16.88 (± 5.16); contact control: 16.41 (± 6.78) Therapists: trained facilitator
Interventions	Pharmacotherapy: transdermal NRT after 4 weeks of exercising (10 week programme: 21 mg once daily for weeks 4 to 9, followed by 14 mg once daily for weeks 10 to 11 and 7 mg once daily during weeks 12 to 13) Exercise maintenance + smoking cessation maintenance ‐ 14‐week exercise‐aided smoking cessation programme (33 x 45‐minute sessions) ‐ Weeks 8 to 14: five 25‐minute weekly cognitive behavioural therapy group sessions, for long‐term exercise adherence ‐ Received a set of Brandon’s “Forever Free” booklets after first 14 weeks ‐ After week 14: seven 15‐minute telephone counselling sessions biweekly for the first months + monthly for the next two months + bimonthly for the last 8 months to maintain exercise behaviour ‐ Total contact: 64 sessions, 1985 minutes Exercise maintenance + contact control ‐ 14‐week exercise‐aided smoking cessation programme (33 x 45‐minute sessions) ‐ Weeks 8 to 14: five 25‐minute weekly cognitive behavioural therapy group sessions, for long‐term exercise adherence ‐ After week 14: seven 15‐minute telephone counselling sessions biweekly for the first months + monthly for the next two months + bimonthly for the last 8 months ‐ to maintain exercise behaviour ‐ Total contact: 64 sessions, 1985 minutes Smoking cessation maintenance + contact control ‐ 14‐week exercise programme (33 x 45‐minute sessions) and 10 weeks NRT (starting from week 4) ‐ Weeks 8 to 14: received messages reinforcing women’s health issues ‐ Received a set of Brandon’s 'Forever Free' booklets after first 14 weeks ‐ After week 14: seven 15‐minute telephone counselling sessions biweekly for the first months + monthly for the next two months + bimonthly for the last 8 months ‐ messages reinforcing the Forever Free booklets and/or women’s health issues (e.g. vitamin D intake, oral hygiene, sleep disorders) ‐ Total contact: 59 sessions, 1860 minutes Contact control ‐ 14‐week exercise programme (33 x 45‐minute sessions) and 10 weeks NRT (starting from week 4) ‐ Weeks 8 to 14: received messages reinforcing women’s health issues ‐ After week 14: seven 15‐minute telephone counselling sessions biweekly for the first months + monthly for the next two months + bimonthly for the last 8 months ‐ messages reinforcing the Forever Free booklets and/or women’s health issues (e.g. vitamin D intake, oral hygiene, sleep disorders) ‐ Total contact: 59 sessions, 1860 minutes
Outcomes	Abstinence: continuous abstinence at 14, 26, and 56 weeks Validation: CO < 6 ppm considered abstinent
Source of Funding/CoI	Funding: Canadian Cancer Society No declarations of interest
Notes	New for 2019 update
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The project manager for trial used numbered containers to implement the random allocation sequence, and the sequence was concealed until interventions were assigned. However, the method of concealment was not specified.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Biochemically validated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	54.8% of participants lost to follow‐up, but attrition similar between groups