Table 2.
Pooled Expulsion Rates by Study Follow-up Length
| Study Follow-up (mo) | Study Follow-up (mo) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Studies | Longer Than 6 | 3–6 | Less Than 3 | |||||||||
| No. of Studies | No. of Women With IUDs Placed With Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate* | No. of Studies | No. of Women With lUDs Placed With Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate* | No. of Studies | No. of Women With IUDs Placed With Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate* | No. of Studies | No. of Women With IUDs Placed With Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate* | |
| Placement timing†‡ | ||||||||||||
| Total | 48 | 8,569 | 11.3 (0.0–46.7) | 14 | 2,906 | 18.4 (0.0–39.4) | 20 | 1,430 | 8.6 (0.0–46.7) | 14 | 4,233 | 7.3 (0.0–21.4) |
| Immediate | 39 | 4,754 | 10.0 (0.0–26.7) | 12 | 1,573 | 9.2 (0.0–25.4) | 15 | 876 | 11.1 (0.0–26.7) | 12 | 2,305 | 10.2 (0.0–21.4) |
| Early | 9 | 1,372 | 29.7 (0.0–46.7) | 3 | 1,185 | 32.7 (3.6–39.4) | 6 | 187 | 11.2 (0.0–46.7) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Interval | 14 | 633 | 1.9 (0.0–3.9) | 2 | 148 | 3.4 (0.0–3.9) | 10 | 367 | 1.4 (0.0–2.9) | 2 | 118 | 1.7 (0.0–2.0) |
| Early or immediate | 2 | 1,810 | 3.8 (3.6–7.5) | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA | 2 | 1,810 | 3.8 (3.6–7.5) |
| Delivery method†§ | ||||||||||||
| Total | 48 | 7,936 | 12.0 (0.0–46.7) | 14 | 2,758 | 19.3 (0.0–39.4) | 20 | 1,063 | 11.1 (0.0–46.7) | 14 | 4,115 | 7.4 (0.0–22.2) |
| Cesarean | 22 | 1,512 | 3.6 (0.0–21.1) | 8 | 936 | 3.9 (0.0–21.1) | 9 | 369 | 4.3 (0.0–11.8) | 5 | 207 | 1.5 (0.0–3.2) |
| Vaginal | 20 | 1,543 | 14.9 (3.3–46.7) | 3 | 570 | 15.8 (4.8–7.6) | 8 | 378 | 21.4 (16.0–46.7) | 9 | 595 | 9.9 (3.3–22.2) |
| Cesarean or vaginal | 10 | 3,739 | 7.8 (0.0–25.4) | 2 | 110 | 23.6 (20.9–25.4) | 4 | 316 | 6.7 (0.0–11.3) | 4 | 3,313 | 7.3 (3.6–21.4) |
| Unknown | 2 | 1,142 | 33.2 (3.6–39.4) | 2 | 1,142 | 33.2 (3.6–39.4) | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| IUD type†§ | ||||||||||||
| Total | 48 | 7,936 | 12.0 (0.0–46.7) | 14 | 2,758 | 19.3 (0.0–39.4) | 20 | 1,063 | 11.1 (0.0–46.7) | 14 | 4,115 | 7.4 (0.0–27.3) |
| CuT380A | 25 | 4,567 | 6.7 (0.0–19.2) | 6 | 1,246 | 9.4 (2.0–17.6) | 9 | 549 | 8.9 (0.0–19.2) | 10 | 2,772 | 5.1 (0.0–10.8) |
| LNG | 16 | 718 | 15.5 (0.0–46.7) | 3 | 161 | 2.5 (0.0–21.1) | 10 | 374 | 17.4 (0.0–46.7) | 3 | 183 | 22.9 (18.8–27.3) |
| CuT380A or LNG | 6 | 349 | 10.0 (0.0–25.4) | 3 | 209 | 14.8 (5.1–25.4) | 3 | 140 | 2.9 (0.0–7.6) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Cu7 | 1 | 123 | 3.3 (NA) | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 123 | 3.3 (NA) |
| CuT200 | 3 | 2,179 | 22.8 (3.6–39.4) | 2 | 1,142 | 33.2 (3.6–39.4) | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 1,037 | 11.3 (NA) |
IUDs, intrauterine devices; NA, not applicable; Cu, copper; LNG, levonorgestrel
*
Among women with IUDs placed with any follow-up; data are % (range among studies).
†
Some studies included and reported more than one category.
‡
Immediates=10 min or less after placental delivery; early=greater than 10 min to less than 4 wk postpartum; early or immediate=immediate and early combined; interval=4 wk or greater postpartum.
§
Among immediate and early postpartum placements.