Table 1.
The list of French role nouns used in the experiment.
| French | English translation | Stereotype norms (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Female stereotypes | ||
| Babysitters | Babysitters | 0.90 (0.09) |
| Caissiers | Cashiers | 0.75 (0.13) |
| Coiffeurs | Hairdressers | 0.75 (0.11) |
| Danseurs | Dancers | 0.68 (0.11) |
| Danseurs de ballet | Ballet dancers | 0.76 (0.17) |
| Infirmiers | Nurses | 0.72 (0.13) |
| Maîtres | Teachers (Kindergarten) | 0.80 (0.13) |
| Mannequins | Fashion models | 0.68 (0.15) |
| Nettoyeurs∗ | Cleaners | 0.43 (0.26) |
| Patineurs artistique | Figure skaters | 0.65 (0.13) |
| Male stereotypes | ||
| Boxeurs | Boxers | 0.20 (0.16) |
| Chasseurs | Hunters | 0.15 (0.11) |
| Conducteurs de taxi | Taxi drivers | 0.18 (0.14) |
| Constructeurs∗∗ | Builders | 0.10 (0.09) |
| Fermiers | Farmers | 0.27 (0.13) |
| Footballeurs | Footballers | 0.21 (0.12) |
| Magiciens | Magicians | 0.29 (0.13) |
| Mécaniciens | Mechanics | 0.20 (0.16) |
| Pêcheurs | Anglers | 0.18 (0.11) |
| Prisonniers | Prisoners | 0.31 (0.14) |
| Neutral stereotypes | ||
| Auteurs | Writers | 0.46 (0.1) |
| Boulangers | Bakers | 0.41 (0.17) |
| Coureurs | Runners | 0.45 (0.12) |
| Écoliers | Schoolchildren | 0.53 (0.07) |
| Joueurs de tennis | Tennis players | 0.44 (0.09) |
| Musiciens | Musicians | 0.47 (0.08) |
| Nageurs | Swimmers | 0.44 (0.1) |
| Piétons | Pedestrians | 0.52 (0.04) |
| Skieurs | Skiers | 0.43 (0.1) |
| Voisins | Neighbors | 0.51 (0.05) |
Stereotype norms, in the form of the proportions of women perceived in the occupations, come from Misersky et al. (2014), except when stated otherwise. ∗Initially, as the study was also aimed at a comparison with English, we compared the French norms to English ones, which showed a mean of 0.85 (0.15). We therefore decided to keep the role noun in the male stereotype group. ∗∗This role noun was not present in Misersky et al. (2014) but was evaluated in Lévy et al.’s (2016) Pilot study as male [i.e., 0.35 (0.12)].