Table 4.
Medication use according to sex, age and BMI weight classification
| % | Sex | Age groups | Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| Men | Women | 18–39 | 40–49 | 50–59 | 60+ | Underweight | Normal weight | Over weight | Obese | Morbidly obese | ||
| Medication | ||||||||||||
| Acid reflux | 5.75 | 5.56 | 5.81 | 3.02 | 4.54 | 7.14 | 8.36 | 3.57 | 4.34 | 5.36 | 7.19 | 9.14 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.36 | 2.77 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 1.24 | 1.66 | 2.11 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 2.81 | 7.27 | 9.23 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 3.64 | 5.98 | ||
| Acne | 7.17 | 3.15 | 8.62 | 7.15 | 7.03 | 7.16 | 7.40 | 9.82 | 8.81 | 6.64 | 6.34 | 6.18 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 2.74 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.70 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 11.07 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.82 | 0.00 | |||||
| Antibiotic | 21.21 | 17.81 | 22.44 | 18.72 | 20.76 | 22.76 | 21.93 | 25.89 | 20.54 | 20.74 | 23.73 | 21.24 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.26 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.26 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 1.03 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 5.23 | 0.00 | 2.26 | 4.38 | 3.51 | 5.24 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 3.19 | 0.72 | |
| Anticonvulsants | 1.49 | 1.39 | 1.53 | 1.84 | 1.32 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 2.68 | 1.25 | 1.13 | 1.65 | 1.61 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 2.14 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 1.32 | 1.29 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 1.68 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.43 | |||||
| Antifungal | 5.29 | 2.61 | 5.81 | 5.64 | 6.03 | 4.24 | 3.87 | 5.36 | 5.83 | 3.81 | 6.24 | 6.18 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 2.23 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 1.07 | 1.06 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 6.09 | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.32 | |||||
| Anxiety | 7.88 | 6.31 | 8.45 | 6.42 | 7.80 | 8.36 | 8.97 | 8.93 | 7.22 | 7.11 | 7.29 | 6.45 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.34 | 1.00 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.24 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.89 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 2.60 | 0.00 | 1.67 | 2.33 | 3.03 | 1.83 | 0.00 | 0.08 | |||
| Arthritis | 11.06 | 11.13 | 11.03 | 7.72 | 10.53 | 12.83 | 12.56 | 7.14 | 9.36 | 10.72 | 13.84 | 14.78 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.36 | 1.66 | 1.63 | 0.76 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.48 | 1.58 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.87 | 6.82 | 6.48 | 0.00 | 1.58 | 5.03 | 6.02 | |||
| Asthma | 8.61 | 7.19 | 9.13 | 7.48 | 8.80 | 8.00 | 11.22 | 6.25 | 6.24 | 8.74 | 10.39 | 10.75 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.27 | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.07 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.40 | 1.67 | 1.72 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 2.27 | 0.00 | 1.50 | 0.59 | 4.13 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 3.33 | 5.42 | 5.86 | |
| Birth control | 8.71 | 0.24 | 10.88 | 21.13 | 8.77 | 2.59 | 0.95 | 10.71 | 11.69 | 7.30 | 6.34 | 6.99 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 45.33 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.60 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 79.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Blood thinner | 1.26 | 1.85 | 1.05 | 3.91 | 18.75 | 45.31 | 32.03 | 0.95 | 0.52 | 1.15 | 2.08 | 5.22 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 0.57 | 1.00 | 4.80 | 11.59 | 8.19 | 1.83 | 1.00 | 2.21 | 4.00 | 10.04 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0 | 4.56 | 11.77 | 8.31 | 1.03 | 0 | 1.50 | 3.64 | 10.22 | ||
| Bowel/rectum | 3.06 | 2.75 | 3.17 | 1.76 | 2.84 | 3.53 | 4.15 | 1.79 | 3.15 | 2.87 | 2.85 | 2.96 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.00 | 1.61 | 2.01 | 2.36 | 0.57 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.94 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.84 | 2.99 | 3.99 | 0.00 | |||||
| Cold/influenza/allergy | 17.80 | 14.52 | 18.99 | 15.73 | 18.30 | 18.14 | 19.07 | 22.32 | 15.53 | 18.56 | 20.38 | 22.04 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.31 | 1.00 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.21 | 1.44 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.31 | 1.42 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 5.20 | 0.00 | 2.83 | 2.65 | 3.64 | 7.22 | 0.00 | 3.36 | 5.27 | 6.94 | |
| Depression | 18.24 | 10.28 | 21.14 | 12.51 | 19.30 | 20.75 | 18.84 | 15.18 | 16.20 | 17.59 | 20.83 | 18.55 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 2.06 | 1.00 | 1.54 | 1.66 | 1.51 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 1.29 | 1.15 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 16.16 | 0.00 | 9.01 | 10.73 | 8.45 | 0.00 | 1.54 | 4.95 | 2.58 | ||
| Diabetes | 6.32 | 6.48 | 6.22 | 2.53 | 4.50 | 7.82 | 10.94 | 1.79 | 2.24 | 5.67 | 11.29 | 17.74 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.78 | 3.09 | 4.32 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 2.53 | 5.04 | 7.92 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.69 | 11.67 | 17.36 | 0.00 | 8.82 | 20.34 | 30.43 | |||
| Oedema | 5.14 | 3.12 | 5.87 | 2.04 | 3.64 | 6.48 | 8.86 | 6.25 | 3.08 | 4.66 | 7.29 | 12.90 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.88 | 1.00 | 1.78 | 3.18 | 4.34 | 2.03 | 1.00 | 1.51 | 2.37 | 4.19 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 4.33 | 0.00 | 3.88 | 10.06 | 14.66 | 5.02 | 0.00 | 2.57 | 6.56 | 14.08 | |
| Eye infection | 12.01 | 9.23 | 12.87 | 11.44 | 13.06 | 11.13 | 12.34 | 14.29 | 11.02 | 12.12 | 13.64 | 9.68 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 1.14 | 0.97 | 1.08 | 1.30 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.24 | 0.88 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 4.52 | 0.00 | 1.67 | 0.94 | 3.44 | 0.00 | 1.18 | 2.78 | |||
| Herpes | 6.30 | 3.26 | 6.86 | 4.82 | 7.24 | 6.12 | 4.71 | 1.79 | 7.66 | 7.22 | 4.20 | 1.88 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 2.10 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 1.27 | 0.98 | 0.23 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.55 | 0.25 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 6.50 | 0.00 | 3.07 | 1.67 | 0.00 | ||||||
| High blood pressure | 16.49 | 19.95 | 15.60 | 4.58 | 11.05 | 22.78 | 29.39 | 6.25 | 8.54 | 17.44 | 24.68 | 31.99 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 2.41 | 4.97 | 6.42 | 0.73 | 1.00 | 2.04 | 2.89 | 3.75 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 18.89 | 39.59 | 47.18 | 0.00 | 14.66 | 23.76 | 31.17 | |||
| Inflammation | 1.19 | 0.68 | 1.37 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 1.50 | 1.68 | 1.79 | 0.98 | 1.40 | 0.80 | 1.61 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 2.01 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 2.17 | 2.43 | 1.83 | 1.00 | 1.43 | 0.82 | 1.64 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 0.31 | 1.38 | 1.68 | 0.97 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.76 | ||
| Insomnia | 4.23 | 2.24 | 4.95 | 2.70 | 3.60 | 5.72 | 4.04 | 8.93 | 4.07 | 3.92 | 3.85 | 4.84 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 2.21 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 2.12 | 1.50 | 2.19 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 1.19 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 4.87 | 0.00 | 1.39 | 4.52 | 2.06 | 4.81 | 0.00 | 0.79 | |||
| Muscle spasms | 4.34 | 3.53 | 4.64 | 3.11 | 4.57 | 4.93 | 4.37 | 5.36 | 3.29 | 4.27 | 5.44 | 6.99 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.31 | 1.00 | 1.47 | 1.59 | 1.41 | 1.63 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.65 | 2.12 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 1.35 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 2.48 | 1.73 | 2.66 | 0.00 | 1.28 | 2.76 | 4.65 | |
| Nausea/vomiting | 5.01 | 3.77 | 5.47 | 5.44 | 4.85 | 4.83 | 5.10 | 4.46 | 4.14 | 4.50 | 6.19 | 5.65 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.45 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 1.50 | 1.36 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 2.21 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 2.42 | 1.79 | ||||
| Opioids | 17.04 | 15.98 | 17.42 | 14.14 | 16.29 | 18.62 | 18.73 | 17.86 | 13.39 | 15.77 | 20.28 | 27.69 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.51 | 2.07 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 1.51 | 0.00 | 2.53 | 5.12 | 5.24 | 5.38 | 0.00 | 2.94 | 8.06 | 15.40 | |
| Osteoporosis | 1.21 | 0.07 | 1.63 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 1.30 | 4.37 | 0.89 | 1.56 | 1.20 | 0.85 | 0.00 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 23.29 | 1.00 | 0.57 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.00 | ||||
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 21.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Pain–non-opioid | 2.19 | 1.63 | 2.39 | 2.78 | 2.15 | 1.98 | 1.91 | 3.57 | 1.73 | 1.67 | 2.55 | 2.96 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.47 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 2.06 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.47 | 1.71 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 1.01 | 0.00 | 2.28 | 0.00 | 1.03 | 1.53 | |||||
| Skin | 6.84 | 4.88 | 7.55 | 5.44 | 6.44 | 7.37 | 8.24 | 6.25 | 7.25 | 6.41 | 7.19 | 5.38 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.55 | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.35 | 1.51 | 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.99 | 0.74 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 3.61 | 0.00 | 1.24 | 2.37 | 3.40 | 0.00 | |||||
| Statins | 14.49 | 17.93 | 13.24 | 2.31 | 8.53 | 20.58 | 28.4 | 3.81 | 7.02 | 17.95 | 19.89 | 27.47 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 0.74 | 1.00 | 3.69 | 8.91 | 12.29 | 0.54 | 1.00 | 2.56 | 2.83 | 3.91 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.07 | 53.40 | 62.07 | 0.00 | 18.41 | 20.99 | 29.68 | |||
| Stomach acid | 1.19 | 1.49 | 1.07 | 0.86 | 1.25 | 0.99 | 1.96 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 1.01 | 1.90 | 1.08 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 1.45 | 1.15 | 2.28 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 2.35 | 1.33 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.18 | 1.50 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 1.58 | 0.40 | ||
| Teeth/gums | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.27 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.24 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.16 | 1.81 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.59 | 1.30 | 1.00 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.00 | |||
| Thyroid | 12.76 | 2.99 | 16.31 | 4.37 | 11.19 | 16.92 | 17.61 | 6.25 | 13.97 | 12.74 | 13.94 | 19.09 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 5.45 | 1.00 | 2.56 | 3.87 | 4.03 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.37 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 36.24 | 0.00 | 16.61 | 26.82 | 27.88 | 0.00 | 4.47 | ||||
| Ulcers | 9.38 | 8.55 | 9.69 | 8.30 | 8.28 | 10.19 | 10.88 | 10.71 | 7.59 | 9.90 | 10.99 | 15.32 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.23 | 1.31 | 1.41 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.45 | 2.02 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 2.09 | 2.83 | 3.71 | 0.00 | 2.78 | 4.03 | 8.72 | ||
| Urinary tract infection | 3.01 | 0.20 | 4.44 | 3.39 | 3.08 | 3.45 | 3.25 | 6.25 | 3.83 | 2.83 | 3.50 | 3.76 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 22.20 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.63 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.91 | 0.98 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 38.95 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1.87 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Vitamins/minerals | 2.07 | 0.71 | 2.57 | 2.49 | 1.73 | 1.88 | 2.47 | 0.00 | 2.07 | 1.28 | 1.75 | 5.38 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 3.62 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.62 | 0.85 | 2.60 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 5.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.20 | |||||||
| All prescriptions | 80.87 | 71.40 | 84.32 | 71.52 | 78.45 | 85.24 | 88.00 | 83.93 | 81.46 | 81.28 | 83.47 | 86.29 |
| Risk ratio | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.06 | |
| AFp (%) | 0.00 | 12.77 | 0.00 | 7.27 | 13.43 | 15.71 | 2.39 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 4.58 | ||
Shaded cells represent statistical significance at the 0.05 level. Cells that are left blank had a negative AFp. In these cases, the preventive fraction ([risk ratio–1]×100) is more appropriate.
AFp, attributable fraction in the population; BMI, body mass index.