Table 3.
Outcome data presented as mean (95% CI) for the group with knee pain during the past week, without knee pain during the past week and the control group at 5-year follow-up
| Knee pain at baseline and during the past week at 5-year follow-up (n=145) | Recovered at 5-year follow-up (n=213) | Control group (n=182) (no knee pain at baseline in 2011) | |
| Pain | |||
| Knee pain during the last month (%) | 99.3 (95.0 to 99.9) | 41.8 (35.1 to 48.8) | 24.7 |
| Frequency of knee pain (%) | Daily: 30 | Daily: 0 | Daily: 2 |
| Several times per week: 19 | Several times per week: 0 | Several times per week: 4 | |
| Weekly: 28 | Weekly: 1 | Weekly: 5 | |
| Monthly: 17 | Monthly: 28 | Monthly: 9 | |
| Rarely: 6 | Rarely: 48 | Rarely: 32 | |
| Never: 0 | Never: 15 | Never: 48 | |
| Worst pain during last week (numerical rating scale, 0–10 (0=no pain)) | 4.7 (4.4 to 5.0) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| % who considered themselves free from knee pain | 1 (0–5) | 49 (42–56) | N/A |
| Years since resolution of knee pain (years, range) | 2 (0–15) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | N/A |
| Pain in other locations (%) | 77.90 | 70 | 84.60 |
| Health | |||
| Do you currently participate in sport (% yes)? | 77.7 (69.9 to 83.9) | 88.6 (82.8 to 92.7) | 91.7 (87.8 to 95.3) |
| Leisure-time sports (times/week) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) |
| Did you change your sport due to knee pain (%yes)? | 42.9 (34.8 to 51.3) | 21.4 (16.2 to 27.7) | 6.8 (3.9 to 11.4) |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | |||
| Meets WHO recommended physical activity (%) | 90 | 93 | 92 |
| Vigorous activity/week (mins) | 144 (114–174) | 191 (157–225) | 196 (155–238) |
| Moderate activity/week (mins) | 176 (133–219) | 215 (177–253) | 243 (193–293) |
| Walking/week (mins) | 301 (243–360) | 229 (185–274) | 233 (185–281) |
| Sitting time/week (mins) | 221 (215–227) | 220 (213–228) | 218 (224–240) |
| EuroQoL 5 dimensions (EQ-5D, Index score) | 0.79 (0.77–0.81) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) |
| % reporting problems running in SP2 in the KOOS | 86.7 (79.6–91.2) | 51.2 (43.3–57.2) | 31.9 (25.5–39.1) |
| No problems with walking down stairs (% reporting no problems in question A1 in the KOOS) | 30.0 (22.9–38.1) | 81.1 (75.0–85.9) | 91.8 (86.7–95.0) |
| Knee pain influence on sleep | |||
| Trouble falling asleep | |||
| Never | 40.7 (32.8–49.1) | 59.2 (52.2–65.8) | 69.5 (62.5–75.7) |
| Yes, some nights | 50.0 (41.7–58.3) | 36.3 (29.9–43.3) | 26.3 (20.5–33.1) |
| Yes, most nights | 9.3 (5.4–15.4) | 4.5 (2.3–8.4) | 4.2 (2.1–8.2) |
| Waking several times/night (% yes)? | |||
| Never | 47.9 (39.6–56.2) | 64.7 (57.8–71.0) | 73.3 (65.8–79.6) |
| Yes, some nights | 43.6 (35.5–52.0) | 30.8 (24.8–37.6) | 24.8 (18.7–32.2) |
| Yes, most nights | 8.6 (4.9–14.6) | 4.5 (2.3–8.4) | 1.9 (0.6–5.7) |
| Trouble sleeping through the night? | |||
| Never | 50.7 (42.4–59.0) | 66.2 (59.2–72.4) | 68.7 (61.5–75.1) |
| Yes, some nights | 40.7 (32.8–49.1) | 29.9 (23.9–36.6) | 28.0 (21.9 – 35.1) |
| Yes, most nights | 8.6 (4.9–14.6) | 4.0 (2.0–7.8) | 3.3 (1.5–7.2) |
| Waking feeling tired? | |||
| Never | 18.6 (12.9–26.0) | 17.4 (12.7–23.3) | 21.4 (16.0–28.1) |
| Yes, some mornings | 45.7 (37.6–54.1) | 59.2 (52.2–65.8) | 53.3 (46.0–60.5) |
| Yes, most mornings | 35.7 (28.1–44.1) | 23.4 (18.0–29.8) | 25.3 (19.4–32.2) |
| Did knee pain affect your choice of job or career (% reporting yes) | 26 (19–34) | 7 (4–11) | 1 (0–4) |
| Care-seeking and treatment | |||
| Use of healthcare providers for treating knee pain during the past 12 months (%) | 33.60 | 11.90 | 6.00 |
| Physiotherapist | 20.70 | 4.50 | 3.80 |
| General Practitioner | 11.40 | 2.50 | 1.10 |
| Orthopaedic Surgeon | 5.70 | 2.50 | 1.10 |
| Chiropractor | 1.40 | 1.50 | |
| Rheumatologist | 0.7 | 0.5 | |
| Other | 3.6 | 1.0 | |
| Treatments offered by healthcare professionals (%) | No treatment 41.4 | No treatment 67.6 | No treatment 54.5 |
| Exercise 40 | Exercise 18.3 | Exercise 18.2 | |
| Painkillers 21.4 | Painkillers 3.3 | Painkillers 18.2 | |
| Insoles 15.2 | Insoles 7 | Insoles 0.9 | |
| Massage 11.7 | Massage 3.3 | ||
| Acupuncture 4.1 | Acupuncture 1.9 | ||
| Electrophysical 3.4 | Electrophysical 1.9 | ||
| Surgery 5.5 | Surgery 3.8 | ||
| Other 3.4 | Other 2.3 | ||
| Type of painkillers used | |||
| NSAID | n=16 | n=5 | n=5 |
| Paracetamol | n=4 | n=3 | n=7 |
| Dolol | n=1 | n=1 | n=0 |
| NSAID and paracetamol | n=23 | n=5 | n=4 |
| NSAID and dolol | n=1 | n=1 | n=0 |
| Frequency of painkillers used | 31.0% use painkillers | 7.5% use painkillers | 9.3% |
| once a month, n=11 | once a month, n=8 | once a month, n=8 | |
| once a week, n=23 | once a week, n=6 | once a week, n=5 | |
| once a day, n=6 | once a day, n=0 | once a day, n=3 | |
| Several times a day, n=5 | Several times a day, n=1 | Several times a day, n=0 | |
KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; N/A, not applicable.