Table 4.
Association between the usage of frequently used individual NSAIDs and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease
| NSAID use | Number of mortality | Person-years | Incidence rate (95% CI) (per 100 person-years) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-selective NSAIDs | ||||||||
| Diclofenac | ||||||||
| No | 810 | 9,967 | 8.1 | (7.6–8.7) | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 705 | 6,738 | 10.5 | (9.7–11.3) | 1.33 | (1.19–1.49) | 1.44 | (1.28–1.61) |
| Mefenamic acid | ||||||||
| No | 1,017 | 1,1004 | 9.2 | (8.7–9.8) | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 498 | 5,701 | 8.7 | (8.0–9.5) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.03) | 1.00 | (0.89–1.13) |
| Ibuprofen | ||||||||
| No | 1,255 | 13,718 | 9.1 | (8.7–9.7) | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 260 | 2,987 | 8.7 | (7.7–9.8) | 0.93 | (0.81–1.07) | 1.13 | (0.98–1.30) |
| Selective COX-2 inhibitors | ||||||||
| Celecoxib | ||||||||
| No | 1,170 | 14,267 | 8.2 | (7.7–8.7) | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 345 | 2,438 | 14.2 | (12.7–15.7) | 1.77 | (1.56–2.01) | 1.57 | (1.38–1.79) |
| Etoricoxib | ||||||||
| No | 1,442 | 16,321 | 8.8 | (8.4–9.3) | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 73 | 384 | 19.0 | (15.1–23.9) | 2.17 | (1.71–2.75) | 1.69 | (1.33–2.16) |
| Rofecoxib | ||||||||
| No | 1,453 | 16,103 | 9.0 | (8.6–9.5) | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 62 | 602 | 10.3 | (8.0–13.2) | 1.13 | (0.87–1.46) | 1.17 | (0.91–1.52) |
Notes: Adjusted HRs were computed after adjustment of age, sex, residence area, types of dialysis, baseline comorbidities, and opioid use.
Abbreviation: COX, cyclooxygenase.