Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| CLBP (n=104) | KOA (n=50) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 58.4±14.2 | 66.7±7.7 | <0.01 |
| Gender (Female) | 77 (74.0) | 45 (90.0) | <0.05 |
| Height (cm) | 159.7±8.3 | 157.2±6.3 | 0.10 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.1±11.6 | 60.5±10.3 | 0.11 |
| Education level | |||
| College and university | 54 (51.9) | 23 (46.0) | |
| High school | 43 (41.3) | 23 (46.0) | |
| Junior high school | 7 (6.7) | 4 (8.0) | |
| Duration of symptom (weeks) | 277.8±345.2 | 58.0±74.2 | <0.001 |
| Pain intensity score | 2.7±1.7 | 2.7±1.7 | 0.75 |
| Pain interference score | 2.2±2.0 | 2.3±2.0 | 0.71 |
| WPI score | 2.1±1.5 | 1.7±1.1 | <0.05 |
| CSI score | 25.5±12.2 | 17.6±10.3 | <0.001 |
| EQ-5D | 0.716±0.111 | 0.726±0.130 | 0.58 |
| K-L grade | |||
| Ⅰ | NA | 5 (10.0) | |
| Ⅱ | NA | 35 (70.0) | |
| Ⅲ | NA | 10 (20.0) | |
| Ⅳ | NA | 0 (0) | |
| PPT (N) | 25.7±11.6 | 26.1±10.2 | 0.54 |
| TS | 1.7±2.3 | 1.8±2.6 | 0.46 |
| Presence of CS | 19 (18.3) | 12 (24.0) | 0.40 |
| Presence of CSS | 26 (25.0) | 5 (10.0) | <0.05 |
Notes: Descriptive characteristics are expressed using mean ± SD for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: CLBP, chronic low back pain; KOA, knee osteoarthritis; WPI, Widespread Pain Index; CSI, Central Sensitization Inventory; EQ-5D, EuroQol 5-dimension; K-L, Kellgre-Laurence; PPT, pressure pain threshold; CS, central sensitization; CSS, central sensitivity syndrome; NA, not applicable; TS, temporal summation.