Fig. 1.

Protocols for voluntary wheel running (VWR). (A) The mice were divided into six groups: 1) Naive-Sedentary mice, 2) Naive-Runner mice, 3) Sham-Sedentary mice, 4) Sham-Runner mice, 4) PSL-Sedentary mice and 5) PSL-Runner mice. (B) Naive-, Sham, and PSL-Runner mice were allowed to run freely on the running wheel, (C) while Sedentary mice were reared in the cages with the locked running wheel. At 15 days after the surgeries, mice were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, and the brain was removed. Adapted with permission from Kami et al. (2016c).