Fig. 1.

A photo of a bedside patient monitor in use at a medical surgical intensive care unit of the UCSF Medical Center. The salient features of the display include: (1) 6 s of multiple channel physiologic signals; (2) vital signs and their upper and lower threshold for alarming; (3) text of last four alarms. In addition, a panel of multiple buttons to access all monitor features and configurations is attached. The look-and-feel of this display has largely remained unchanged for decades as well as core ECG signal processing and arrhythmia detection algorithms