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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Animal. 2018 Apr 5;12(Suppl 1):s172–s183. doi: 10.1017/S1751731118000599

Figure 3.

Figure 3

An example of a cattle patrio in which the sire and maternal grandsire are both heterozygous for a rare haplotype “a” at a frequency q = 1-p in the sample and for which no homozygotes are observed. The probability that the son is not homozygous for the a haplotype when it does not carry a lethal mutation is (2q + 1)/8.