Table 2.
Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension and Subtypes among Chinese Adults Aged 18 Years or Older: the CHNS 1991–2009 (% (95% CI))*.
| Subtypes | 1991 | 1993 | 1997 | 2000 | 2004 | 2006 | 2009 | 2011 | P for trend† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | HTN | 15.6 (14.9,16.4) | 16.2 (15.4,17.0) | 19.2 (18.4,20.0) | 19.5 (18.7,20.3) | 20.1 (19.2,20.9) | 18.6 (17.8,19.4) | 22.9 (22.0,23.7) | 20.9 (20.2,21.6) | <0.001 |
| ISH | 3.04 (2.68,3.40) | 2.61 (2.27,2.96) | 4.18 (3.76,4.61) | 3.31 (2.95,3.67) | 3.83 (3.44,4.22) | 3.32 (2.95,3.68) | 3.52 (3.15,3.89) | 3.30 (2.99,3.62) | <0.001 | |
| IDH | 4.77 (4.32,5.22) | 6.25 (5.73,6.78) | 6.38 (5.86,6.90) | 6.25 (5.76,6.74) | 5.95 (5.46,6.43) | 5.56 (5.09,6.03) | 6.39 (5.90,6.88) | 4.44 (4.08,4.80) | 0.023 | |
| SDH | 5.27 (4.79,5.74) | 4.67(4.21,5.13) | 5.98 (5.48,6.49) | 5.60 (5.14,6.07) | 5.18 (4.73,5.64) | 4.08 (3.68,4.49) | 5.89 (5.42,6.36) | 4.11 (3.76,4.46) | <0.001 | |
| MED | 2.55 (2.22,2.89) | 2.71 (2.35,3.06) | 2.66 (2.32,3.01) | 4.30 (3.89,4.71) | 5.10 (4.65,5.55) | 5.60 (5.13,6.07) | 7.09 (6.58,7.61) | 9.01 (8.51,9.51) | <0.001 | |
| Male | HTN | 16.9 (15.8,18.0) | 17.4 (16.2,18.6) | 21.5 (20.2,22.7) | 21.5 (20.3,22.7) | 22.6 (21.4,23.9) | 21.1 (19.9,22.3) | 26.1 (24.8,27.4) | 23.4 (22.3,24.5) | <0.001 |
| ISH | 2.93 (2.41,3.44) | 2.26 (1.80,2.73) | 4.30 (3.69,4.92) | 3.35 (2.83,3.87) | 4.06 (3.47,4.64) | 3.39 (2.85,3.93) | 3.56 (3.02,4.10) | 3.44 (2.97,3.90) | <0.001 | |
| IDH | 6.00 (5.27,6.72) | 7.74 (6.90,8.57) | 7.90 (7.09,8.72) | 8.05 (7.26,8.84) | 8.07 (7.26,8.87) | 7.40 (6.62,8.18) | 8.82 (7.99,9.64) | 6.23 (5.61,6.84) | 0.652 | |
| SDH | 5.86 (5.15,6.58) | 4.65 (3.99,5.31) | 6.60 (5.85,7.35) | 6.44 (5.73,7.16) | 6.01 (5.31,6.72) | 5.09 (4.43,5.74) | 7.12 (6.37,7.87) | 5.26 (4.69,5.83) | 0.765 | |
| MED | 2.09 (1.66,2.53) | 2.78 (2.27,3.29) | 2.68 (2.19,3.17) | 3.69 (3.14,4.24) | 4.50 (3.88,5.11) | 5.21 (4.55,5.88) | 6.60(5.87,7.32) | 8.49 (7.78,9.21) | <0.001 | |
| Female | HTN | 14.5 (13.4,15.5) | 15.1 (14.0,16.2) | 17.0 (15.9,18.1) | 17.5 (16. 5,18.6) | 17.7 (16.6,18.8) | 16.3 (15.3,17.3) | 19.9 (18.8,21.0) | 18.7 (17.8,19.7) | <0.001 |
| ISH | 3.15 (2.63,3.66) | 2.96 (2.45,3.47) | 4.04 (3.46,4.63) | 3.27 (2.77,3.77) | 3.62 (3.09,4.16) | 3.25 (2.75,3.75) | 3.47 (2.96,3.98) | 3.21 (2.79,3.64) | <0.001 | |
| IDH | 3.62 (3.07,4.17) | 4.88 (4.22,5.53) | 4.90 (4.26,5.55) | 4.56 (3.97,5.15) | 4.00 (3.44,4.55) | 3.91 (3.36,4.45) | 4.11 (3.56,4.67) | 2.92 (2.52,3.33) | <0.001 | |
| SDH | 4.71 (4.09,5.34) | 4.67 (4.03,5.31) | 5.39 (4.72,6.06) | 4.83 (4.23,5.43) | 4.42 (3.83,5.00) | 3.18 (2.69,3.67) | 4.75 (4.16,5.35) | 3.09 (2.68,3.51) | <0.001 | |
| MED | 2.99 (2.48,3.49) | 2.62 (2.14,3.10) | 2.65 (2.17,3.12) | 4.86 (4.25,5.46) | 5.67 (5.01,6.32) | 5.96 (5.29,6.62) | 7.56 (6.82,8.29) | 9.52 (8.81,10.2) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; ISH, isolated systolic hypertension; IDH, isolated diastolic hypertension; SDH, systolic-diastolic hypertension; MED, use of antihypertensive medication.
*
Age adjusted using the direct method to the year 2010 Census population
†
Trends in the prevalence of hypertension and subtypes from 1991 to 2011 were assessed using the linear-by-linear trend test