Table 2.

Hazard Ratios from the Cox Proportional Hazard Model Predicting All-Cause Mortality, Ages 30 and Above, NHIS-LMF 1997–2011 (N=286,810)

	Model 1	95% CI	Model 2	95% CI
Race/Ethnicitya
Non-Hispanic White (ref)			1.000
Non-Hispanic Black			1.217	[1.146–1.291]
Hispanic			0.848	[0.785–0.916]
Diabetes	3.807	[3.170–4.574]	4.205	[3.483–5.076]
Age (in years since age 30)	1.097	[1.095–1.099]	1.097	[1.095–1.099]
Male	1.519	[1.458–1.582]	1.523	[1.462–1.587]
Education
Less than 9th grade	1.200	[1.142–1.263]	1.235	[1.172–1.300]
9th – 11th grade	1.215	[1.152–1.282]	1.210	[1.147–1.278]
High school graduate (ref)	1.000		1.000
Some college	0.931	[0.886–0.979]	0.932	[0.887–0.980]
4 yrs college +	0.782	[0.738–0.829]	0.788	[0.743–0.835]
Smoking
Never (ref)	1.000		1.000
Former smoker	1.428	[1.370–1.488]	1.419	[1.361–1.479]
Current smoker	2.525	[2.340–2.661]	2.492	[2.365–2.623]
Drinking status
Never (ref)	1.000		1.000
Former drinker	1.046	[0.998–1.010]	1.037	[0.989–1.087]
Current drinker	0.716	[0.684–0.750]	0.715	[0.683–0.749]
Hypertension	1.189	[1.145–1.234]	1.177	[1.133–1.223]
Interactions with diabetesa
Diabetes X Age (in years since age 30)	0.981	[0.977–0.985]	0.980	[0.976–0.983]
Diabetes X Male	0.889	[0.816–0.969]	0.889	[0.815–0.969]
Diabetes X Non-Hispanic Black			0.793	[0.697–0.902]
Diabetes X Hispanic			0.828	[0.711–0.963]

ref: Reference group.

^a“Other racial groups” are separately identified in Model 2: results are not shown.