Fig 2. Increased CD19⁺CD5⁺CD1d^highIL-10⁺ Breg frequencies in peripheral blood of W. bancrofti-infected individuals.

Freshly isolated peripheral whole blood cells (100μl/well) from endemic normals (EN; n = 54), latent (CFA+MF-; n = 41) and patent (CFA+MF+; n = 13) Wuchereria bancrofti-infected, lymphedema (LE, n = 50) and previously infected individuals (PI; n = 65) were cultivated in 10% FCS/RPMI-1640 medium (100μl/well) and left either (A-C) un-stimulated or (D-F) cultured with eBioscience^™ cell stimulation cocktail (PMA) for 4 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, peripheral blood cells were analyzed for frequencies (%) of CD19⁺ B cells expressing (A, D) CD5⁺CD1d^high and CD19⁺CD5⁺CD1d^high regulatory B cells expressing (B, E) IL-10. Graphs show box whiskers with median, interquartile ranges and outliers. Statistical significances between the indicated groups were obtained after a Kruskal-Wallis-test followed by a Dunn`s multiple comparison post hoc analysis. In addition, Spearman correlations were performed between MF counts and frequencies of CD19⁺CD24^highCD38^highIL-10⁺ which were either (C) un-stimulated or (F) PMA stimulated.