Table 2. Baseline comorbidities in diabetes-related hospitalizations with and without decompensation.
P-values ≤0.05 indicate statistical significance, DKA, Diabetic Ketoacidosis; HHS, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State; MI, Myocardial Infarction; PCI, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
| Comorbidity | No Decompensation (N=56,258,977) | Decompensation (DKA or HHS) (N=516,805) | Overall Diabetes (N=56,775,782) | P | ||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
| Deficiency anemias | 13,090,106 | (23.3%) | 133,256 | (25.8%) | 13,223,362 | (23.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases | 1,497,235 | (2.7%) | 7,800 | (1.5%) | 1,505,035 | (2.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 810,377 | (1.4%) | 8,768 | (1.7%) | 819,145 | (1.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 8,322,450 | (14.8%) | 55,687 | (10.8%) | 8,378,137 | (14.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 13,078,014 | (23.2%) | 72,929 | (14.1%) | 13,150,943 | (23.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Coagulopathy | 2,757,738 | (4.9%) | 41,094 | (8.0%) | 2,798,832 | (4.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Depression | 6,690,600 | (11.9%) | 61,777 | (12.0%) | 6,752,377 | (11.9%) | 0.177 | |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 45,681,704 | (81.2%) | 377,695 | (73.1%) | 46,059,399 | (81.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 10,577,273 | (18.8%) | 139,110 | (26.9%) | 10,716,383 | (18.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Drug abuse | 1,348,913 | (2.4%) | 35,594 | (6.9%) | 1,384,507 | (2.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Alcohol abuse | 1,641,121 | (2.9%) | 38,869 | (7.5%) | 1,679,990 | (3.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Smoking | 13,075,129 | (23.2%) | 121,624 | (23.5%) | 13,196,753 | (23.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Marijuana abuse | 287,515 | (0.5%) | 9,618 | (1.9%) | 297,134 | (0.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Cocaine abuse | 359,180 | (0.6%) | 8,933 | (1.7%) | 368,113 | (0.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Amphetamine abuse | 67,186 | (0.1%) | 3,029 | (0.6%) | 70,215 | (0.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 41,230,228 | (73.3%) | 281,275 | (54.4%) | 41,511,503 | (73.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypothyroidism | 7,794,548 | (13.9%) | 52,834 | (10.2%) | 7,847,382 | (13.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Liver disease | 2,073,814 | (3.7%) | 25,751 | (5.0%) | 2,099,564 | (3.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 15,330,626 | (27.3%) | 324,203 | (62.7%) | 15,654,829 | (27.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Metastatic cancer | 1,118,587 | (2.0%) | 6,430 | (1.2%) | 1,125,018 | (2.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Other neurological disorders | 4,561,379 | (8.1%) | 45,649 | (8.8%) | 4,607,029 | (8.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Obesity | 10,979,282 | (19.5%) | 68,225 | (13.2%) | 11,047,506 | (19.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Paralysis | 1,768,423 | (3.1%) | 14,960 | (2.9%) | 1,783,383 | (3.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 5,713,320 | (10.2%) | 38,172 | (7.4%) | 5,751,492 | (10.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Psychoses | 2,679,865 | (4.8%) | 35,757 | (6.9%) | 2,715,622 | (4.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 1,531,356 | (2.7%) | 11,291 | (2.2%) | 1,542,647 | (2.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Renal failure | 12,812,496 | (22.8%) | 111,550 | (21.6%) | 12,924,045 | (22.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 1,218,692 | (2.2%) | 6,112 | (1.2%) | 1,224,805 | (2.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Valvular disease | 2,373,648 | (4.2%) | 12,959 | (2.5%) | 2,386,607 | (4.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Weight loss | 2,488,940 | (4.4%) | 47,405 | (9.2%) | 2,536,345 | (4.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 25,420,113 | (45.2%) | 157,907 | (30.6%) | 25,578,021 | (45.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Previous MI PCI CABG | 11,084,254 | (19.7%) | 49,435 | (9.6%) | 11,133,689 | (19.6%) | <0.001 | |