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. 2019 May 22;69(6):467–474. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biz044

Table 3.

The dietary ecological paw print (EPP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of companion dogs in the Netherlands, Japan, and China.

Cat size Country EPP (in hectares) GHG emission (in tons)
Per capita average-size dog The Netherlands 0.90–3.66 0.349–1.424
Japan 0.33–2.19 0.127–0.831
China 0.82–4.19 0.313–1.592
Lifetime of one dog The Netherlands 10.77–43.93 4.188–17.087
Japan 4.01–26.28 1.522–9.972
China 9.89–50.32 3.756–19.104
Total dogs The Netherlands 1.62 million–6.59 million 0.608 million–2.480 million
Japan 3.40 million–22.70 million 1.312 million–8.596 million
China 22.5 million–114.8 million 8.576 million–43.621 million

Note: An average-size dog weights 10–20 kilograms.