Table 2.
Model-estimated mean change in clinical outcomes over time across treatment groups (change from baseline values)
| Variable | Change at end of treatment1 | Change at 3-month post-treatment follow-up1 | Change at 6-month post-treatment follow-up 1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MO | 95% C.I. | CBT-I | 95% C.I. | MO | 95% C.I. | CBT-I | 95% C.I. | MO | 95% C.I. | CBT-I | 95% C.I. | |
| Sleep | ||||||||||||
| ISI total score | −8.4 | −16.3, −0.5 | −12.7 | −15.5, −10.0 | −9.4 | −18.3, −0.5 | −13.4 | −16.0, −10.9 | −10.5 | −20.4, −0.6 | −13.9 | −16.3, −11.6 |
| SL (min) | 20.6 | −18.2, 59.5 | −45.1 | −78.0, −12.2 | 23.2 | −20.5, 67.0 | −36.8 | −75.9, 2.3 | 25.8 | −22.7, 74.4 | −25.4 | −71.9, 20.9 |
| WASO (min) | −1.7 | −17.8, 14.3 | −24.5 | −40.8, −8.3 | −1.9 | −20.1, 16.1 | −27.6 | −45.9, −9.3 | −2.1 | −22.3, 17.9 | −30.7 | −51.0, −10.4 |
| TST (min) | 45.2 | 0.8, 89.6 | 102.4 | 57.5, 147.3 | 50.9 | 0.9, 100.8 | 115.2 | 64.7, 165.7 | 56.5 | 1.0, 112.0 | 128.0 | 71.9, 184.1 |
| NAW | −0.06 | −1.0, 0.8 | −0.27 | −1.2, 0.6 | −0.07 | −1.1, 0.9 | −0.30 | −1.3, 0.7 | −0.08 | −1.2, 1.0 | −0.3 | −1.5, 0.8 |
| DBAS | 0.2 | −0.5, 1.1 | −1.8 | −2.6, −0.9 | 0.3 | −0.6, 1.2 | −2.0 | −2.9, −1.1 | 0.3 | −0.6, 1.3 | −2.2 | −3.2. −1.2 |
| SHI | −0.8 | −3.4, 1.7 | −4.6 | −7.1, −2.0 | −0.9 | −3.8, 1.9 | −5.1 | −8.0, −2.3 | −1.0 | −4.2, 2.2 | −5.7 | −8.9, −2.5 |
| ESS | −0.6 | −2.4, 1.0 | −3.1 | −4.9, −1.4 | −0.7 | −2.7, 1.1 | −3.5 | −5.5, −1.5 | −0.8 | −3.0, 1.3 | −3.9 | −6.1, −1.7 |
| Alcohol | ||||||||||||
| PDA | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 |
| PACS | −0.5 | −3.6, 2.6 | − 0.7 | − 3.9, 2.3 | − 0.6 | −4.1, 2.9 | −0.8 | −4.4, 2.6 | − 0.6 | −4.6, 3.2 | − 0.9 | − 4.9, 2.9 |
| Daytime | ||||||||||||
| QIDS | −6.0 | −10.8, −1.2 | − 9.2 | −14.0, −4.5 | −6.8 | −12.1, −1.4 | − 10.4 | −15.7, −5.1 | −7.5 | −13.5, −1.5 | −11.6 | −17.5, −5.6 |
| STAI−Trait | 0.4 | −3.6, 4.4 | −3.9 | −7.9, 0.03 | 0.4 | −4.0, 4.9 | − 4.4 | − 8.9, 0.03 | 0.5 | −4.5, 5.5 | − 4.9 | − 9.9, 0.04 |
| PCS | −0.9 | −3.5, 1.7 | − 1.4 | −4.0, 1.2 | −1.0 | − 4.0, 1.9 | − 1.6 | − 4.6, 1.3 | − 1.1 | − 4.4, 2.2 | − 1.8 | − 5.1, 1.5 |
| MCS | 0.1 | − 2.8, 3.1 | 0.4 | − 2.4, 3.4 | 0.1 | − 3.1, 3.5 | 0.5 | − 2.7, 3.8 | 0.1 | − 3.5, 3.9 | 0.6 | − 3.0, 4.3 |
As compared to the baseline phase; MO = Standard Care Monitor-Only condition; CBT-I = Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index total score; SL = Sleep Latency; min = minutes; WASO = Wake After Sleep Onset time; TST = Total Sleep Time; NAW = Number of Awakenings; DBAS = Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale mean score; SHI = Sleep Hygiene Index total score; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale total score; PDA = Percent Days Abstinent; PACS = Penn Alcohol Craving Scale total score; QIDS = 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; STAI-Trait = State Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait subscale; PCS = Physical Composite Summary Score (from the Short Form 12-item measure); MCS = Mental Composite Summary Score (from the Short Form 12-item measure). The significant between-group differences over time are shown in bold.