Table 2.

Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and 95% Confidence Intervals from Logistic Regressions on Low-Value Care (i.e. Antipsychotic Medication Use) Elderly Community-Dwelling, Fee-for-service Medicare Beneficiaries with ADRD and without Severe Mental illness linked Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Linked with Medicare Claims, 2006–2013.

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Fully-Adjusted Model
	AOR	95% CI	Sig	AOR	95% CI	Sig	AOR	95% CI	Sig	AOR	95% CI	Sig
Predisposing Characteristics
Sex
Female	0.96	[ 0.70, 1.32]		0.88	[ 0.63, 1.24]		0.84	[ 0.59, 1.20]		0.86	[ 0.60, 1.24]
Male (Ref)
Race/Ethnicity
White (Ref)
Latino	2.13	[ 1.26, 3.58]	**	1.86	[1.08, 3.20]	*	1.55	[ 0.87, 2.76]		1.54	[ 0.81, 2.92]
Other Race	0.70	[ 0.41, 1.19]		0.62	[ 0.36, 1.07]		0.57	[ 0.33, 1.00]	*	0.54	[ 0.30, 0.98]	*
Age in years
LT 80 years
80 years or older (Ref)	0.69	[ 0.50, 0.96]	*	0.67	[ 0.48, 0.94]	*	0.57	[ 0.40, 0.82]	**	0.53	[ 0.36, 0.76]	***
Enabling Characteristics
Marital Status
Married (Ref)
Not married				1.05	[ 0.72, 1.53]		0.98	[ 0.67, 1.46]		0.97	[ 0.66, 1.43]
Poverty Status
LT 200% FPL				1.60	[ 1.04, 2.46]	*	1.48	[ 0.95, 2.29]		1.53	[ 0.99, 2.36]
GE 200% FPL (Ref)
Prescription Drug Coverage
Yes (Ref)
No				0.87	[ 0.58, 1.32]		0.88	[ 0.58, 1.33]		0.88	[ 0.58, 1.34]
Need Characteristics
Depression
Yes							1.69	[1.20, 2.39]	**	1.71	[ 1.21, 2.43]	**
No (Ref)
# Chronic Conditions							0.95	[ 0.85, 1.06]		0.96	[ 0.86, 1.08]
# ADL							1.26	[ 1.17, 1.36]	***	1.28	[ 1.19, 1.38]	***
Lifestyle Practices
Obesity
Yes										0.55	[ 0.35, 0.85]	**
No (Ref)
External Environment Characteristics
Region of Residence
Northeast										1.24	[ 0.69, 2.23]
South (Ref)
Midwest										1.70	[ 1.08, 2.68]	*
West										1.20	[ 0.61, 2.36]

Note: Based on 2,570 person-years of community-dwelling elderly (age ≥65years) Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD and without severe mental illness (i.e. schizophrenia or bipolar disorders), continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Part A and Part B during the calendar year and alive during the calendar year.

Model 1 adjusted for only predisposing characteristics

Model 2: adjusted for predisposing and enabling factors

Model 3: adjusted for predisposing, enabling, and need factors

Fully adjusted model: adjusted for predisposing, enabling, need, individual’s health practice, and external environment factors.

ADL: activities of daily living limitations; ADRD: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; FPL: federal poverty level; Ref: reference group; LT: less than; GE: greater than or equal to; Sig: significance; #: number.

^***p< .001

^**.001 ≤p < .01

^*.01 ≤p <.05.