Non-equilibrium diffusion transport of CPCs in cartilage. A. Transport chamber setup to study one-dimensional diffusion of CPCs in cartilage. B. Example diffusion transport curve for CPC +8 plotted as the measured downstream concentration (CD) normalized to the applied upstream concentration (CU), versus time. Intra-cartilage effective diffusivity, DEFF (diffusivity in presence of binding interactions) was calculated using τLag and the steady state diffusivity, Dss (diffusivity when all binding sites are occupied, and a steady state is achieved) was calculated using the steady state slope. K is the Donnan partitioning factor. Each spike shows calibration step where 20 μl of CPC solution from the upstream compartment was added to downstream, and multiple diffusion curves were obtained.