Table 1.
Demographic composition, deaths, and crude mortality rates in the sample
| Total sample |
All-cause mortality |
Natural cause mortality |
Unnatural cause mortality |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause deaths | Crude rate (95% CI) | Natural-cause deaths | Crude rate (95% CI) | Unnatural-cause deaths | Crude rate (95% CI) | ||||
| Total | 18 201 (100%) | 1767 (9·7%) | 14·4 (13·7–15·1) | 1417 (7·8%) | 11·5 (11·0–12·2) | 192 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·4–1·8) | ||
| Area level indicators | |||||||||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation (rank score) | |||||||||
| 4 (most deprived) | 3667 (20·1%) | 377 (10·3%) | 14·4 (13·0–16·0) | 305 (8·3%) | 11·7 (10·4–13·1) | 33 (0·9%) | 1·3 (0·9–1·8) | ||
| 4276 | 3646 (20·0%) | 342 (9·4%) | 13·3 (12·0–14·8) | 273 (7·5%) | 10·6 (9·4–12·0) | 35 (1·0%) | 1·4 (1·0–1·9) | ||
| 6144 | 3629 (19·9%) | 313 (8·6%) | 12·5 (11·2–14·0) | 247 (6·8%) | 9·9 (8·7–11·2) | 37 (1·0%) | 1·5 (1·1–2·0) | ||
| 8747 | 3673 (20·2%) | 371 (10·1%) | 14·9 (13·5–16·5) | 297 (8·1%) | 12·0 (10·7–13·4) | 39 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·1–2·1) | ||
| 12 859 (least deprived) | 3586 (19·7%) | 364 (10·2%) | 17·3 (15·6–19·2) | 295 (8·2%) | 14·0 (12·5–15·7) | 48 (1·3%) | 2·3 (1·7–3·0) | ||
| Urbanicity (persons per hectare) | |||||||||
| 0·1 (least populous) | 3613 (19·9%) | 377 (10·4%) | 17·5 (15·8–19·4) | 301 (8·3%) | 14·0 (12·5–15·7) | 42 (1·2%) | 2·0 (1·4–2·6) | ||
| 55·3 | 3762 (20·7%) | 370 (9·8%) | 15·0 (13·5–16·6) | 282 (7·5%) | 11·4 (10·2–12·8) | 49 (1·3%) | 2·0 (1·5–2·6) | ||
| 88·6 | 3667 (20·1%) | 347 (9·5%) | 13·5 (12·1–14·9) | 275 (7·5%) | 10·7 (9·5–12·0) | 41 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·2–2·2) | ||
| 111·4 | 3652 (20·1%) | 374 (10·2%) | 14·7 (13·3–16·2) | 315 (8·6%) | 12·4 (11·1–13·8) | 29 (0·8%) | 1·1 (0·8–1·6) | ||
| 145·0 (most populous) | 3507 (19·3%) | 299 (8·5%) | 11·8 (10·6–13·3) | 244 (7·0%) | 9·7 (8·5–11·0) | 31 (0·9%) | 1·2 (0·9–1·7) | ||
| Social fragmentation | |||||||||
| −7·2 (least fragmented) | 4669 (25·7%) | 451 (9·7%) | 15·8 (14·4–17·3) | 364 (7·8%) | 12·7 (11·5–14·1) | 51 (1·1%) | 1·8 (1·4–2·3) | ||
| −2·4 | 4593 (25·2%) | 477 (10·4%) | 15·0 (13·7–16·4) | 390 (8·5%) | 12·3 (11·1–13·6) | 45 (1·0%) | 1·4 (1·1–1·9) | ||
| −0·2 | 4534 (24·9%) | 469 (10·3%) | 14·7 (13·4–16·1) | 366 (8·1%) | 11·5 (10·4–12·7) | 52 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·2–2·1) | ||
| 2·0 | 2686 (14·8%) | 227 (8·5%) | 12·2 (10·7–13·9) | 185 (6·9%) | 9·9 (8·6–11·5) | 25 (0·9%) | 1·3 (0·9–2·0) | ||
| >4·7 (most fragmented) | 1719 (9·4%) | 143 (8·3%) | 12·1 (10·3–14·3) | 112 (6·5%) | 9·5 (7·9–11·4) | 19 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·0–2·5) | ||
| Ethnic density (% ethnic minorities) | |||||||||
| 0·3 (lowest ethnic density) | 1665 (9·1%) | 138 (8·3%) | 16·6 (14·0–19·7) | 107 (6·4%) | 12·9 (10·7–15·6) | 23 (1·4%) | 2·8 (1·8–4·2) | ||
| 19·0 | 1783 (9·8%) | 189 (10·6%) | 16·3 (14·1–18·8) | 154 (8·6%) | 13·3 (11·3–15·5) | 21 (1·2%) | 1·8 (1·2–2·8) | ||
| 28·7 | 1788 (9·8%) | 187 (10·5%) | 15·2 (13·2–17·6) | 152 (8·5%) | 12·4 (10·6–14·5) | 20 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·1–2·5) | ||
| 35·0 | 1765 (9·7%) | 173 (9·8%) | 13·8 (11·8–16·0) | 135 (7·6%) | 10·7 (9·1–12·7) | 19 (1·1%) | 1·5 (1·0–2·4) | ||
| 39·6 | 1861 (10·2%) | 171 (9·2%) | 13·2 (11·4–15·4) | 135 (7·3%) | 10·5 (8·8–12·4) | 24 (1·3%) | 1·9 (1·2–2·8) | ||
| 43·8 | 1851 (10·2%) | 208 (11·2%) | 16·0 (14·0–18·3) | 166 (9·0%) | 12·8 (11·0–14·9) | 22 (1·2%) | 1·7 (1·1–2·6) | ||
| 48·4 | 1840 (10·1%) | 190 (10·3%) | 14·6 (12·7–16·8) | 149 (8·1%) | 11·5 (9·8–13·5) | 15 (0·8%) | 1·2 (0·7–1·9) | ||
| 53·3 | 1884 (10·4%) | 181 (9·6%) | 13·5 (11·7–15·6) | 146 (7·7%) | 10·9 (9·3–12·8) | 18 (1·0%) | 1·3 (0·8–2·1) | ||
| 60·0 | 1872 (10·3%) | 162 (8·7%) | 12·5 (10·8–14·6) | 137 (7·3%) | 10·6 (9·0–12·5) | 11 (0·6%) | 0·9 (0·5–1·5) | ||
| 67·1 (highest ethnic density) | 1892 (10·4%) | 168 (8·9%) | 13·2 (11·3–15·4) | 136 (7·2%) | 10·7 (9·0–12·6) | 19 (1·0%) | 1·5 (1·0–2·3) | ||
| Individual-level indicators | |||||||||
| Age at diagnosis (years)* | |||||||||
| <38·1 | 8723 (47·9%) | 230 (2·6%) | 3·92 (3·4–4·5) | 121 (1·4%) | 2·1 (1·7–2·5) | 92 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·3–1·9) | ||
| ≥38·2 | 9478 (52·1%) | 1537 (16·2%) | 24·0 (22·8–25·2) | 1296 (13·7%) | 20·2 (19·2–21·4) | 100 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·3–1·9) | ||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Males | 9610 (52·8%) | 908 (9·4%) | 13·4 (12·6–14·3) | 707 (7·4%) | 10·4 (9·7–11·2) | 132 (1·4%) | 1·9 (1·6–2·3) | ||
| Females | 8591 (47·2%) | 859 (10·0%) | 15·6 (14·6–16·7) | 710 (8·3%) | 12·9 (12·0–13·9) | 60 (0·7%) | 1·1 (0·8–1·4) | ||
| Diagnosis | |||||||||
| Non-affective | 13 160 (72·3%) | 1358 (10·3%) | 14·7 (14·0–15·5) | 1090 (8·3%) | 11·8 (11·1–12·5) | 141 (1·1%) | 1·5 (1·3–1·8) | ||
| Affective | 5041 (27·7%) | 409 (8·1%) | 13·4 (12·2–14·8) | 327 (6·5%) | 10·7 (9·6–11·9) | 51 (1·0%) | 1·7 (1·3–2·2) | ||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married or cohabiting | 2781 (15·3%) | 267 (9·6%) | 15·8 (14·0–17·8) | 220 (7·9%) | 13·0 (11·4–14·9) | 22 (0·8%) | 1·3 (0·9–2·0) | ||
| Divorced, separated, widowed, or single | 15 420 (84·7%) | 1500 (9·7%) | 14·2 (13·5–14·9) | 1197 (7·8%) | 11·3 (10·7–12·0) | 170 (1·1%) | 1·6 (1·4–1·9) | ||
| Substance use disorder | |||||||||
| No substance use disorder | 15 046 (82·7%) | 1519 (10·1%) | 15·1 (14·3–15·8) | 1251 (8·3%) | 12·4 (11·7–13·1) | 128 (0·9%) | 1·3 (1·1–1·5) | ||
| Life-time substance use disorder | 3155 (17·3%) | 248 (7·9%) | 11·3 (10·0–12·9) | 166 (5·3%) | 7·6 (6·5–8·8) | 64 (2·0%) | 2·9 (2·3–3·7) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White British | 9047 (49·7%) | 1130 (12·5%) | 19·9 (18·8–21·1) | 913 (10·1%) | 16·1 (15·1–17·2) | 125 (1·4%) | 2·2 (1·8–2·6) | ||
| Ethnic minorities | 9154 (50·3%) | 637 (7·0%) | 9·7 (8·9–10·4) | 504 (5·5%) | 7·6 (7·0–8·3) | 67 (0·7%) | 1·0 (0·8–1·3) | ||
Data are n (%), unless otherwise specified. Crude rates are per 1000 person-years. 158 deaths were from causes not otherwise classified (R00-R99) and contribute to all-cause mortality totals in the sample.
*
Age was handled as a time-varying covariate in all regression models and is displayed here divided at the median.