Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of longitudinal phase sample (n = 18).
| Baseline variable |
Association between baseline variable and percentage app use |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency (percentage) unless otherwise stated | Test statistic type | Test statistic value | P value | |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Schizophrenia | 14 (77.8) | U | 23.00 | 0.622 |
| Schizoaffective | 4 (22.2) | |||
| PANSS subscales (mean, sd) | ||||
| Positive | 15.4 (5.4) | ρ | −0.22 | 0.380 |
| Negative | 15.1 (4.7) | ρ | −0.09 | 0.725 |
| General | 31.0 (8.8) | ρ | −0.37 | 0.128 |
| Total | 61.8 (16.8) | ρ | −0.26 | 0.308 |
| PSYRATS subscales (mean, sd) | ||||
| Delusions | 6.6 (6.3) | ρ | −0.36 | 0.148 |
| Hallucinations | 17.4 (12.9) | ρ | −0.23 | 0.368 |
| HADS subscales (mean, sd) | ||||
| Anxiety | 8.9 (6.1) | ρ | −0.48 | 0.052 |
| Depression | 7.6 (6.3) | ρ | −0.56 | 0.015 |
| FoRSE subscales (mean, sd) | ||||
| Fear of Relapse | 14.5 (5.8) | ρ | −0.58 | 0.014 |
| Intrusions | 13.8 (5.6) | ρ | −0.21 | 0.419 |
| Awareness | 18.1 (6.1) | ρ | −0.34 | 0.163 |
| Total | 45.9 (14.7) | ρ | −0.40 | 0.128 |
| Medication adherence (median, range) | 6 (3, 7) | Χ2 | 4.57 | 0.188 |
| Gender, n male | 12 (66.7) | U | 20.00 | 0.141 |
| Age (mean, sd) | 37.9 (9.9) | ρ | −0.14 | 0.570 |
| Education | ||||
| Secondary | 10 (55.6) | Χ2 | 0.20 | 0.914 |
| Further | 5 (27.8) | |||
| Higher | 3 (16.7) | |||
| Employment | ||||
| Employed | 2 (11.1) | Χ2 | 4.38 | 0.195 |
| Voluntary work | 1 (5.6) | |||
| Retired | 1 (5.6) | |||
| Unemployed | 14 (77.8) | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Asian or Asian British | 1 (5.6) | Χ2 | 0.63 | 0.792 |
| Black or Black British | 2 (11.1) | |||
| White British | 15 (83.3) | |||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 14 (77.8) | Χ2 | 1.53 | 0.516 |
| Married | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Separated | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Alone | 12 (66.7) | Χ2 | 3.53 | 0.558 |
| With family | 4 (22.2) | |||
| Supported accommodation | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Owns a smartphone | 15 (83.3) | U | 15.50 | 0.520 |
| Used a study phone | 13 (72.2) | U | 26.50 | 0.580 |
| Consent to give app data to clinician | 15 (83.3) | U | 13.00 | 0.278 |
Abbreviations: PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PSYRATS = Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; FoRSE = Fear of Recurrence Scale;
Test statistics: U = Mann-Whitney U test statistic; ρ = Spearman's correlation coefficient; Χ2 = Kruskall Wallis test statistic.