Figure 2.

Effects of BG on IL‐1β‐induced inflammatory responses in chondrocytes: Chondrocytes were pretreated with culture medium only or BG followed by IL‐1β (10 ng·mL⁻¹). (A) GAG production by Safranin O staining. Scale bars, 250 μm. (B) GAG (mg) normalized to DNA (mg). (C–G) Quantitative expression of Il‐1 (C), Il‐6 (D), Tnf‐α (E), Cox‐2 (F) and Mmp‐13 (G) genes detected by qRT‐PCR. Control group: chondrocytes treated with vehicle only; IL‐1β group: chondrocytes stimulated with 10 ng·mL⁻¹ IL‐1β; and IL‐1β+BG group: chondrocytes cultured with 10 μm of BG for 1 h then stimulated with 10 ng·mL⁻¹ IL‑1β for 24 h. Mean ± SD, n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the control group; ^### P < 0.001 between the indicated experimental groups; data analysis by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test.