Figure 3.

Immunofluorescence staining and western blot revealed the inhibitory effect of BG on the expression of IL‐6 and MMP‐13. (A–D) Immunostaining of IL‐6 (A) and MMP‐13 (B) and quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensities (C,D) determined as fold‐change vs the control group. (E,F) Protein levels of IL‐6 and MMP‐13 determined by western blot analysis. Control group: chondrocytes treated with vehicle only; IL‐1β group: chondrocytes stimulated with 10 ng·mL⁻¹ IL‐1β; and IL‐1β+BG group: chondrocytes cultured with 10 μm of BG for 1 h then stimulated with 10 ng·mL⁻¹ IL‑1β for 24 h. Scale bars, 400 μm. Mean ± SD, n = 6; ***P < 0.001 vs the control group; ^# P < 0.05, ^### P < 0.001 between the indicated experimental groups; data analysis via one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test.