. 2019 May 28;15:1469–1478. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S191509

Table 4.

Risk of mental illnesses according to atopic dermatitis (AD) severity

Mental illness	AD severity	Odds (95% CI)^†	P-value
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	Mild	1.14 (0.84~1.56)	0.3909
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	Moderate	1.23 (0.66~2.28)	0.5108
Severe^a	3.22 (2.36~4.40)	<0.0001
Autism spectrum disorder	Mild	1.07 (0.66~1.74)	0.7872
Autism spectrum disorder	Moderate	0.96 (0.33~2.84)	0.9438
Severe^a	2.54 (1.54~4.21)	0.0003
Conduct disorder	Mild	0.82 (0.23~2.89)	0.7527
Conduct disorder	Moderate	<0.001 (<0.001~ >999.999)	0.9809
Severe	4.32 (1.23~15.10)	0.0221
Depression	Mild	0.92 (0.82~1.03)	0.1515
Depression	Moderate^a	1.75 (1.42~2.16)	<0.0001
Severe^a	3.15 (2.83~3.51)	<0.0001
Anxiety	Mild	0.93 (0.84~1.02)	0.1190
Anxiety	Moderate^a	1.59 (1.32~1.91)	<0.0001
Severe^a	2.64 (2.41~2.88)	<0.0001
Suicidal ideation	Mild	0.98 (0.75~1.28)	0.8558
Suicidal ideation	Moderate	1.22 (0.70~2.14)	0.4877
Severe^a	2.68 (2.08~3.46)	<0.0001
Schizophrenia	Mild	0.81 (0.59~1.12)	0.2081
Schizophrenia	Moderate	0.73 (0.33~1.62)	0.4367
Severe^a	3.26 (2.40~4.43)	<0.0001
Sleep disorder	Mild^a	0.88 (0.78~0.98)	0.0237
Sleep disorder	Moderate^a	1.31 (1.03~1.67)	0.0267
Severe^a	2.56 (2.30~2.85)	<0.0001

Notes: *Adjusted by age, gender, economic status, AD history, concomittent allergic disease. †Odds ratio calculated vs non-AD controls. ^aMeans are significantly different.