Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards models for the rate of all-cause and cause specific mortality
| Model | n | HR | 95% CI | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause death | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.20 | 1.17 to 1.23 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.14 | 1.10 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.13 | 1.10 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.11 | 1.08 to 1.15 | <0.001 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.13 | 1.09 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.12 | 1.08 to 1.16 | <0.001 | |
| Cardiovascular death | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.18 | 1.14 to 1.23 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.12 | 1.07 to 1.18 | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.12 | 1.06 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.10 | 1.04 to 1.15 | <0.001 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.12 | 1.06 to 1.18 | <0.001 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.11 | 1.05 to 1.18 | <0.001 | |
| Death from cardiac disease | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.18 | 1.13 to 1.23 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.11 | 1.05 to 1.18 | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.11 | 1.05 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.09 | 1.03 to 1.15 | 0.004 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.11 | 1.05 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.09 | 1.02 to 1.16 | 0.008 | |
| Death from strokes | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.20 | 1.10 to 1.31 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.16 | 1.04 to 1.30 | 0.007 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.16 | 1.04 to 1.29 | 0.009 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.15 | 1.03 to 1.28 | 0.01 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.16 | 1.04 to 1.30 | 0.008 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.20 | 1.06 to 1.36 | 0.003 | |
| Noncardiovascular death | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.21 | 1.17 to 1.25 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.14 | 1.10 to 1.19 | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.14 | 1.10 to 1.19 | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.12 | 1.08 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.14 | 1.09 to 1.19 | <0.001 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.12 | 1.07 to 1.17 | <0.001 | |
| Death from infectious diseases | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.25 | 1.19 to 1.32 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.15 | 1.07 to 1.23 | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.14 | 1.07 to 1.22 | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.11 | 1.04 to 1.19 | 0.002 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.14 | 1.06 to 1.22 | <0.001 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.10 | 1.01 to 1.19 | 0.02 | |
| Death from malignancy | |||||
| Unadjusted | Short-acting ESA | 70,631 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 124,067 | 1.26 | 1.17 to 1.37 | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | Short-acting ESA | 42,740 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,458 | 1.15 | 1.04 to 1.27 | 0.009 | |
| Model 2 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.14 | 1.03 to 1.26 | 0.01 | |
| Model 3 | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.15 | 1.04 to 1.27 | 0.008 | |
| IPTW | Short-acting ESA | 42,612 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 75,291 | 1.14 | 1.03 to 1.26 | 0.02 | |
| PS-matched | Short-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.00 | — | — |
| Long-acting ESA | 42,473 | 1.14 | 1.01 to 1.28 | 0.03 | |
—, not applicable; PS, propensity score.
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, predialysis systolic BP, dialysis duration, dialysis vintage, single-pool Kt/V, diabetes mellitus, a past history of cardiovascular diseases, laboratory data (albumin, urea nitrogen, CRP, hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin-adjusted calcium, phosphate, and PTH), and standardized ERI. Model 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus facility indicators. Model 3 adjusted for a PS plus facility indicators. IPTW and PS-matched analyses were adjusted for covariates in model 2.