Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants (n=1706)
| Characteristics | CKD Stages 3–5 (n=791, 46.4%) | Dialysis (n=418, 24.5%) | Transplant (n=497, 29.1%) | All (n=1706) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | ||||
| 35–49 | 116 (14.7) | 85 (20.3) | 184 (37.0) | 385 (22.6) |
| 50–64 | 278 (35.1) | 228 (54.5) | 240 (48.3) | 746 (43.7) |
| ≥65 | 397 (50.2) | 105 (25.1) | 73 (14.7) | 575 (33.7) |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 337 (42.6) | 153 (36.6) | 184 (37.0) | 674 (39.5) |
| Men | 454 (57.4) | 265 (63.4) | 313 (63.0) | 1032 (60.5) |
| Race or ethnic groups | ||||
| White | 547 (69.2) | 277 (66.3) | 390 (78.5) | 1214 (71.2) |
| Asian | 81 (10.2) | 60 (14.4) | 44 (8.9) | 185 (10.8) |
| Middle eastern | 30 (3.8) | 16 (3.8) | 18 (3.6) | 64 (3.8) |
| Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander/Maori/Pacific Islanders | 18 (2.3) | 22 (5.3) | 13 (2.6) | 53 (3.1) |
| Other | 115 (14.5) | 43 (10.3) | 32 (6.4) | 190 (11.1) |
| Education level | ||||
| High school graduate or less | 318 (40.2) | 161 (38.5) | 240 (48.3) | 719 (42.1) |
| College/university | 458 (57.9) | 245 (58.6) | 250 (50.3) | 953 (55.9) |
| Unknown | 15 (1.9) | 12 (2.9) | 7 (1.4) | 34 (2.0) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 64 (8.1) | 62 (14.8) | 74 (14.9) | 200 (11.7) |
| Married/partnered | 567 (71.7) | 279 (66.7) | 372 (74.8) | 1218 (71.4) |
| Divorced/separated | 157 (19.8) | 74 (17.7) | 48 (9.7) | 279 (16.4) |
| Unknown | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) | 9 (0.5) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 83 (10.5) | 26 (6.2) | 18 (3.6) | 127 (7.4) |
| Ex-smoker | 357 (45.1) | 198 (47.4) | 215 (43.3) | 770 (45.1) |
| Never | 341 (43.1) | 187 (44.7) | 256 (51.5) | 784 (46.0) |
| Unknown | 10 (1.3) | 7 (1.7) | 8 (1.6) | 25 (1.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Yes | 320 (40.5) | 151 (36.1) | 109 (21.9) | 580 (34.0) |
| No | 471 (59.5) | 267 (63.9) | 388 (78.1) | 1126 (66.0) |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Yes | 209 (26.4) | 113 (27.0) | 73 (14.7) | 395 (23.2) |
| No | 582 (73.6) | 305 (73.0) | 424 (85.3) | 1311 (76.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | ||||
| Yes | 58 (7.3) | 30 (7.2) | 24 (4.8) | 112 (6.6) |
| No | 733 (92.7) | 388 (92.8) | 473 (95.2) | 1594 (93.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| <20 | 20 (2.5) | 33 (7.9) | 18 (3.6) | 71 (4.2) |
| 20–25 | 155 (19.6) | 126 (30.1) | 157 (31.6) | 438 (25.7) |
| 25–30 | 281 (35.5) | 127 (30.4) | 181 (36.4) | 589 (34.5) |
| >30 | 302 (38.2) | 110 (26.3) | 123 (24.7) | 535 (31.4) |
| Unknown | 33 (4.2) | 22 (5.3) | 18 (3.6) | 73 (4.3) |
| Prior cancer | ||||
| Yes | 149 (18.8) | 83 (19.9) | 119 (23.9) | 351 (20.6) |
| No | 642 (81.2) | 335 (80.1) | 378 (76.1) | 1355 (79.4) |
| Prior lower gastrointestinal endoscopy | ||||
| Yes | 281 (35.5) | 112 (26.8) | 134 (27.0) | 527 (30.9) |
| No | 505 (63.8) | 306 (73.2) | 362 (72.8) | 1173 (68.8) |
| Unknown | 5 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.4) |
| Daily use of antiplatelet agents | ||||
| Yes | 241 (30.5) | 148 (35.4) | 137 (25.6) | 526 (30.8) |
| No | 550 (69.5) | 270 (64.6) | 360 (72.4) | 1180 (69.2) |
| Daily use of anticoagulation | ||||
| Yes | 67 (8.5) | 65 (15.6) | 26 (5.2) | 158 (9.3) |
| No | 724 (91.5) | 353 (84.4) | 471 (94.8) | 1548 (90.7) |
| Types of dialysis | ||||
| Hemodialysis | — | 291 (69.6) | — | 291 (69.6) |
| Peritoneal dialysis | — | 127 (30.4) | — | 127 (30.4) |
| Donor types | ||||
| Deceased | — | — | 309 (62.2) | 309 (62.2) |
| Living | — | — | 188 (37.8) | 188 (37.8) |
| Daily immunosuppression use | ||||
| Prednisone | 40 (5.1) | 29 (6.9) | 451 (90.7) | 520 (30.5) |
| Azathioprine | 9 (1.1) | 4 (1.0) | 52 (10.5) | 65 (3.8) |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 9 (1.1) | 3 (0.7) | 383 (77.1) | 395 (23.2) |
| Tacrolimus | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.7) | 305 (61.4) | 309 (18.1) |
| Cyclosporine | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 105 (21.1) | 111 (6.5) |
| Regular use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents | ||||
| Yes | 38 (4.8) | 203 (48.6) | 31 (6.2) | 272 (15.9) |
| No | 753 (95.2) | 215 (51.4) | 466 (93.8) | 1434 (84.1) |
All data are displayed as n (%). —, not applicable.