Table 1.
Characteristics of patients in the training cohort and the validation cohort
| Clinicopathological features | Training cohort | Validation cohort | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 247 | 131 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 133(53.85%) | 76(58.02%) | 0.4379 |
| Female | 114(46.15%) | 55(41.98%) | |
| Age | |||
| <70y | 162(65.59%) | 94(71.76%) | 0.2222 |
| > = 70y | 85(34.41%) | 37(28.24%) | |
| Tumor stage | |||
| III | 15(6.07%) | 8(6.11%) | 0.9895 |
| IV | 232(93.93%) | 123(93.89%) | |
| Primary tumor site | |||
| Gastrointestinal tumors | 125(50.61%) | 73(55.73%) | 0.1352 |
| Thoracic cancers | 66(26.72%) | 20(15.27%) | |
| Urogenital neoplasms | 34(13.77%) | 25(19.08%) | |
| Head and neck neoplasms | 10(4.05%) | 6(4.58%) | |
| Other tumors | 12(4.86%) | 7(5.34%) | |
| Concomitant disease | |||
| No | 138(55.87%) | 91(69.47%) | 0.0101 |
| Yes | 109(44.13%) | 40(30.53%) | |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Normal | 71(28.98%) | 36(27.69%) | 0.7928 |
| Abnormal | 174(71.02%) | 94(72.31%) | |
| Hospital stay | |||
| <=14d | 131(53.04%) | 74(56.49%) | 0.5215 |
| >14d | 116(46.96%) | 57(43.51%) | |
| KPS | 60(10–90) | 60(10–90) | 0.1192 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.10(12.62–35.38) | 20.80(13.67–34.05) | 0.5285 |
| Total bilirubin, umol/L | 11.45(3.2–920) | 11.95(2.3–389.3) | 0.7913 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 122.15(39.8–2116.1) | 120.85(37.1–1342.6) | 0.4955 |
| ALT, U/L | 17.85(5–914.2) | 19.15(5–1156) | 0.9394 |
| AST, U/L | 25.25(4.9–2435.5) | 28.55(8.6–1041.4) | 0.9627 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 234(81–2651) | 217(85–2101) | 0.4242 |
| Cystatin-C, mg/L | 1.25(0.65–5.7) | 1.135(0.57–4) | 0.0218 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 67(26–468) | 63(32–406) | 0.1013 |
| Platelet count, No. × 109/L | 217(10–872) | 201.5(26–753) | 0.1819 |
| Neutrophil count, No. × 109/L | 6.2(1–91.7) | 5.55(1.2–96) | 0.0535 |
| Lymphocyte count, No. ×109/L | 1.1(0.1–32.1) | 1.1(0.3–4.2) | 0.6950 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 107(42–169) | 109.5(32–171) | 0.5162 |
| CEA, ng/ml | 4.76(0.32–929.1) | 3.83(0.44–975.1) | 0.4807 |
| Albumin, g/L | 33.6(17.3–48.4) | 34.5(13.5–48.4) | 0.1863 |
| Uric acid, umol/L | 314.5(71.0–1560.0) | 323(70–1073) | 0.6762 |
Abbreviation: KPS karnofsky performance status score, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, ALT Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, AST Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase