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. 2019 Jun 6;3:11. doi: 10.1186/s41512-019-0055-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Performance measures at external validation across 36 centers of the CRASH trial. Closed dots represent fixed effect intercept estimates; fixed effect slope estimates; and c-indexes in the first, second, and third panel, respectively. Open dots represent random effects intercept estimates, random effects slope estimates, and calibrated model-based concordance estimates in the first, second, and third panel, respectively. Gray vertical lines represent effect estimates of intercept (0) and slope (1) in the original regression model, together with the expected pooled concordance (0.83). Black vertical lines represent fixed effect estimates of intercept (1.44) and slope (0.90) in a multilevel regression model, together with the expected pooled concordance (0.78). The number of patients in each center is indicated on the right y-axis