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. 2019 Jun 6;20:110. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1060-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 10 — Summary of our findings and a proposed mechanism by which BK sensitize the cough reflex centrally. Bradykinin acts on B₂ receptors (B₂R) on second order neurons to stimulate the release of COX and 12-LOX metabolites which in turn activate TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels on the second order neurons resulting in an enhanced cough response