Table 4.
Association of Variables with Any Positive MRI Finding
| Single predictor model | Multiple predictor model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | p value | Odds ratio [95% CI] | p value | Odds ratio [95% CI] |
| Group | 0.011 | NA | 0.018 | NA |
| Group (CS-SRC vs. CS-Control) | 0.004 | 2.37 [1.32–4.28] | 0.011 | 2.32 [1.22–4.41] |
| Group (CS-SRC vs. NCS-Control) | 0.07 | 1.77 [0.95–3.29] | 0.035 | 2.11 [1.06–4.20] |
| Group (CS-Control vs. NCS-Control) | 0.40 | 0.75 [0.38–1.48] | 0.80 | 0.91 [0.43–1.91] |
| Competition level | 0.017 | NA | 0.42 | NA |
| Competition level (D1 vs. HS) | 0.040 | 2.80 [1.05–7.46] | 0.23 | 1.93 [0.66–5.63] |
| Competition level (D1 vs. D3) | 0.023 | 1.98 [1.10–3.55] | 0.42 | 1.33 [0.67–2.65] |
| Competition level (D3 vs. HS) | 0.52 | 1.42 [0.49–4.10] | 0.52 | 1.45 [0.47–4.44] |
| Sex (female) | 0.001 | 3.16 [1.64–6.10] | 0.014 | 2.62 [1.21–5.67] |
| SES | 0.006 | 1.04 [1.01–1.07] | 0.15 | 1.02 [0.99–1.05] |
| Years in primary sport | 0.048 | 1.07 [1.00–1.14] | 0.37 | 1.04 [0.96–1.12] |
| Years education | 0.81 | 1.02 [0.86–1.22] | — | — |
| No. of past concussion | 0.82 | 0.97 [0.74–1.26] | — | — |
| Medical history (Y) | 0.24 | 1.39 [0.80–2.40] | — | — |
| Migraines (Y) | 0.27 | 1.69 [0.67–4.30] | — | — |
| Headache (Y) | 0.86 | 0.87 [0.18–4.19] | — | — |
| ADHD (Y) | 0.60 | 1.24 [0.56–2.76] | — | — |
| BMI | 0.072 | 0.95 [0.90–1.00] | — | — |
| Age at first scan | 0.69 | 1.03 [0.89–1.20] | — | — |
| Race | 0.50 | NA | — | — |
| Black/Af-Amer. versus white | 0.28 | 1.37 [0.77–2.43] | — | — |
| Black/Af-Amer. versus other | 0.98 | 1.01 [0.38–2.72] | — | — |
| Other versus white | 0.52 | 1.35 [0.54–3.37] | — | — |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino) | 0.65 | 1.25 [0.48–3.29] | — | — |
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CS-SRC, contact sport with sport-related concussion, CS-Control, contact sport control; NCS-Control, non-contact sport control; D1, division I; HS, high school; SES, socioeconomic status; y, yes; D3, division III; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BMI, body mass index; Af-Amer., African-American; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.