FIG. 3.

Cross-lagged panel analysis model for anxiety and functional status (model 2). Note: “BSI-anx” = BSI anxiety subscale, “d” represents the unique error (“disturbance”) term corresponding to its respective dependent variable. Curved lines represent correlations; straight lines represent predictive paths. Correlation and standardized path coefficients are displayed. Statistically significant effects are presented in solid lines; dashed lines indicate nonsignificant effects. Age, sex, computed tomography findings, and psychiatric history were also included in the model as covariates, but, for clarity purposes, are not pictured here. *p < 0.001. BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory.